By Alice Pébay, Raymond C.B. Wong
This e-book combines the present wisdom at the function of lipids in stem mobilephone pluripotency and differentiation. It showcases numerous ways to the learn of lipids and makes a speciality of numerous forms of stem cells and particular lipids using upkeep or differentiation. the amount contains chapters reviewing roles of particular lipids in pluripotency, neurogenesis and exocytosis in addition to in melanoma stem cells. Examples of alternative periods of lipids—such as sphingolipids, lysophospholipids, cannabinoids and impartial lipids—are defined and illustrate the giant organic results of this type of molecules. The foreign members are all famous specialists of their respective fields.
Covering some of the facets of the subject, Lipidomics of Stem Cells presents an up to date snapshot—unique one of the literature—of the place the lipid global is when it comes to realizing the jobs of lipids in stem mobile biology. It offers a vital reference for stem mobilephone biologists, lipid biologists, improvement biologists, scholars, teachers and clinicians in similar areas.
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Extra info for Lipidomics of Stem Cells
Example text
Spassieva S, Bieberich E (2011) The gut-to-breast connection—interdependence of sterols and sphingolipids in multidrug resistance and breast cancer therapy. He Q, Wang G, Dasgupta S, Dinkins M, Zhu G, Bieberich E (2012) Characterization of an apical ceramide-enriched compartment regulating ciliogenesis. Mol Biol Cell 23(16):3156– 3166. Wang G, Krishnamurthy K, Bieberich E (2009) Regulation of primary cilia formation by ceramide. J Lipid Res 50(10):2103–2110. M900097-JLR200 12. Gulbins E, Kolesnick R (2003) Raft ceramide in molecular medicine.
1). It has been shown to induce migration of mesenchymal and hematopoietic stem cells although studies on embryonic stem cells or embryo development are not yet available [146–148]. Its potential as sphingolipid being important for stem cell differentiation (and potentially, morphogenesis) may emerge from its ability to activate phospholipase A2, an enzyme generating lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and arachidonic acid, the precursor of eicosanoids [149–151]. Both LPA and eicosanoids involved in stem cell differentiation will be discussed in other chapters of this book.
S1P or LPA counteract ceramidemediated inhibition of Akt by GPCR-mediated activation of PI3K/Akt. Based on these observations, we conclude that Akt and GSK3-regulated differentiation of stem cells and embryo morphogenesis is balanced by S1P (leads to activation of Akt, inactivation of GSK3, and self-renewal) and ceramide (leads to inactivation of Akt, activation of GSK3, and differentiation). Pharmacological inhibition of Akt with LY294002 and GSK3 with bio/indirubin monoxime has been shown to promote differentiation and pluripotency, respectively [69, 81].