By Leonid A. Bulavin, Zabashta
To properly diagnose a human organism with assistance from acoustic waves is most unlikely with out wisdom of the physics of acoustic waves interplay with the problems of the organism. This e-book is devoted to the given challenge. It includes 4 sections, the 1st of which offers with actual versions of the organic matters utilized in ultrasonic diagnostics. within the different sections the fundamental phases of ultrasonic diagnostics (sound radiation, sound scattering, depictions visualization) are studied. it truly is proven how diverse our bodies and problems with a human organism scatter acoustic waves and the way, utilizing the scattered wave, one learns approximately what occurs with a few physique or factor.
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Extra resources for Ultrasonic diagnostics in medicine: physical foundations
Sample text
It is clear that the distances between the faces of the frame change with the volume of the parallelepiped. As a result, the faces are subjected to the action of forces induced by the atoms contained in the parallelepiped. We now summarize these forces over each face and assume that the resultant of these forces is directed along the normal to the face. Then we divide the magnitude of the resultant force by the area of the corresponding face. The quantity obtained as a result is called pressure.
U1 . This means that the edge of Thus, assume that the sole nonzero component is ∂x1 ∂u the parallelepiped equal to dx1 in the reference state turns into dx1 + 1 dx1 in the ac∂x1 tual state. Since the length of the edge changes, we say that the system suffers deformation in the actual state. Hence, the actual state can be called deformed and the reference state nondeformed. Let us now find the relative deformation ε11 of the edge parallel to axis 1. According to the well-known definition, in order to find the relative deformation of an interval, it is necessary to divide the difference between the lengths of the interval in the deformed and nondeformed states by the length of the nondeformed interval, namely, ε11 ⎛ dx + ∂u1 dx ⎞ − dx 1 ⎝ 1 ∂x1 1 ⎠ ∂u1 = .
We frequently use the term “deformation” and are sure that its meaning is quite clear for the reader. Indeed, we have already discussed the relative tensile (compressive) deformation of the edges of the parallelepiped, studied different schemes of deformation, and introduced the angles of shear in connection with the notion of deformation. We also used the terms “deformed” and “nondeformed” states. Thus, it is reasonable to have a single physical quantity covering the entire variety of terms, schemes of deformation, and approaches.