By Prof. Julian Szekely, Dr. Olusegun J. Ilegbusi (auth.)
In contemporary years it's been famous that tundishes playa severe position in affecting the standard of the completed metal items. moreover, right tundish layout will be much more very important within the improvement of the radical non-stop casting seasoned cesses which are now in various levels of realizatic)ll. commonly, actual modeling has performed a key position in tundish layout, however the lately developed computational software program programs, the comfortably available computa tional undefined, and, might be most crucial, the turning out to be adventure with tackling a huge diversity of computational fluid circulate difficulties inside a metallurgical context have made mathematical modeling a massive think about this box. Our goal in penning this e-book has been to deliver real looking views to tundish layout. the most objective is to supply an outstanding actual knowing of what's taking place in tundishes, including a practical dialogue of subject matters which are nonetheless now not particularly transparent. the method metallurgist energetic during this box has many instruments at his or her disposal, together with mathematical modeling, actual modeling, and degree ments on complete plant-scale platforms. during this monograph we search to teach how those rules can be mixed to supply an exceptional uncomplicated figuring out and, as a result, an try out at an optimum design.
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19. Another important point should be made in this context. While the simple 11 tt Fig. 18. Turbulent energy dissipation (cm 3 js2) in an R-H vacuum degassing system after Shirabe and Szekely [11]. 3 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 INCLUSION SIZE {Jll Fig. 19. Particle size distribution as a function of time in an R-H vacuum degassing system after Shirabe and Szekely [11]. Stokes-law-type relationship will provide a good indication of the behavior of the inclusion particles, this is far from the complete story.
Note D-2138 (1950); NACA Rep. 1210 (1955). A. Mclean, Course Notes on Tundish Metallurgy for Iron and Steel Society, Toronto (1987). K. Shirabe and 1. Szekely, "A Mathematical Model f Fluid Flow and Inclusion Coalescence in the R-H Vacuum Degassing System," Trans. ISIJ, 23, 465 (1983). OJ. Ilegbusi and 1. Szekely, "Melt Stratification in Ladles," Trans. ISIJ, 27, 563 (1987). 3 The Physical Modeling of Tundish Systems In Chapter 2 we discussed the fluid flow fundamentals pertaining to tundish operation.
5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 1l. 12. R. E. N. Lightfoot, Transport Phenomena, Wiley, New York (1960). H. Schlichting, Boundary Layer Theory, Pergamon Press, London (1955). 1. Szekely, Fluid Flow Phenomena in Metals Processing, Academic Press, New York (1979). 0. Hinze, Turbulence, McGraw-Hill, New York (1959). K. Batchelor, The Theory of Homogeneous Turbulence, Cambridge University Press, New York (1963). 1. Lumley and H. Tennekes, A First Course in Turbulence, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA (1972). R. I. Nakayama, "Turbulent Transport Equations," Phys.