By Diane K. Brockman, Carel P. van Schaik
The emergence of the genus Homo is greatly associated with the colonization of "new" hugely seasonal savannah habitats. in spite of the fact that, in the past, our realizing of the prospective effect of seasonality in this shift has been restricted simply because we have now little common wisdom of ways seasonality impacts the lives of primates. This e-book files the level of seasonality in meals abundance in tropical woody crops. It then offers a scientific research of seasonality's impression in nutrition offer at the behavioral ecology of non-human primates and finally applies its conclusions to primate and human evolution.
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Additional resources for Seasonality in Primates: Studies of Living and Extinct Human and Non-Human Primates
Example text
Where average fruit ripening periods are long, the difference between all fruit and ripe fruit only can be substantial. g. at Makokou, Gabon: Hladik 1973; Hladik 1978; Gautier-Hion et al. 1985). g. Chapman et al. 1999). If this variation is strong, then it might obscure any pattern present in long-term data sets. Seasonality can be described in multiple ways, depending on the aspect that is to be stressed. For phenophases, we calculated two commonly used measures: the coefficient of variation (CV ¼ standard deviation/mean) (cf.
Palm nuts), or switch to alternative foods. We will discuss the phenological basis for these two options in turn. Switch in food items Switching to other foods depends strongly on how seasonality in fruit covaries over time with that in young leaves, the major fallback food of many frugivorous primates. Many insects likewise depend on young leaves and show strong dependence of their abundance on the abundance of flush. Thus, we expect that how fruiting and flushing covary over time will be important to frugivores.
First, we noted that the effect of strong seasonality on the covariation of flush and fruit was strongest in the Neotropics, although there is much overlap between the continents. Second, there was a trend for seasonally dry Neotropical sites to have fruit peaks coincide with the onset of the rainy season, whereas no such trend was present in the Paleotropics. Third, a comparison of flower–fruit intervals for a range of sites suggests that in the Neotropics, the proportion of species showing very long intervals, approaching one year, is far higher (Fig.