By Solomon H. Snyder
A pioneer within the id of receptors for neurotransmitters and medicine and within the rationalization of the activities of psychotropic brokers, Solomon Snyder has been instrumental within the institution of recent psychopharmacology. technological know-how and Psychiatry is a set of a few of his top clinical papers from the previous 40 years, representing vital advances in psychopharmacology and molecular biology. a few provide perception into glossy neuroscience to assist make feel of obtainable psychotropic medicines and element the best way towards more desirable and more secure brokers; others describe the underpinnings of psychopharmacology that practitioners want to know, in particular in regards to the function of receptors in drug motion.
The articles disguise 9 parts of study with specific realization to 4 teams of outstanding discoveries for which Snyder is widely known: the identity of opiate receptors, characterization of the IP3 receptor, the institution of nitric oxide as a transmitter within the mind, and the invention that D-serine is the traditional stimulus for the glycine web site of the NMDA receptor. each one part is observed via a statement by way of a widely known authority that places the discoveries in standpoint. jointly, they attest to the wealthy range of Snyder s examine whereas conveying the origins of contemporary psychopharmacologic perform.
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Additional resources for Science and Psychiatry: Groundbreaking Discoveries in Molecluar Neuroscience
Sample text
By the 1990s the concatenation of amines, amino acids, and peptides seemed more than enough to fill the brain with neurotransmitters, though an important principle was emerging, namely that every neuron possesses at least two and as many as four or five neurotransmitters. In the late 1980s nitric oxide (NO) was identified as a major regulator of blood vessel function and of the killing by macrophages of tumor cells and bacteria. We wondered whether NO might serve some function in the brain and were able to show that it mediates the ability of glutamate to enhance cGMP levels.
Snyder P harmacological evidence for the existence of a specific opiate receptor is compelling, but heretofore it has not been directly demonstrated biochemically. We report here a direct demonstration of opiate receptor binding, its localization in nervous tissue, and a close parallel between the pharmacologic potency of opiates and their affinity for receptor binding. Rats, guinea pigs, and mice were killed by cervical dislocation. 4, and diluted to 18 times the original volume of the same buffer.
J Pharmaceut Sci 55:865–867, 1966 Lasagna L: The clinical evaluation of morphine and its substitutes as analgesics. Pharmacol Rev 16:47–83, 1964 Adler TK: Comparative potencies of codeine and its demethylated metabolites after intraventricular injection in the mouse. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 140:155– 161, 1963 • Johannesson T, Schou J: Morphine and normorphine in the brains of rats given identically analgaesic doses of morphine, codeine or normorphine. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol (Copenh) 20:165–173, 1963 Opiate Receptor: Demonstration in Nervous Tissue 5.