By Sten Orrenius, Lester Packer, Enrique Cadenas
''This e-book examines a special meeting of coordinated mitochondrial services which are vital in regulating telephone functionality and are of relevance in a myriad of pathophysiological events, equivalent to age-related neurodegenerative problems, melanoma, metabolic syndrome, and heart problems. The textual content covers issues crucial for the upkeep of mitochondrial task, together with electron shipping and energy Read more...
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Extra resources for Mitochondrial signaling in health and disease
Example text
Considerable biochemical changes occur within the apoptotic cell to facilitate neat packaging and removal of the apoptotic bodies by phagocytosis. The execution stage of apoptosis involves the proper functioning of several enzyme systems activated through elaborate signaling pathways. The proteolytic activity of caspases provides a biochemical basis for the apoptotic phenotype (Vaculova and Zhivotovsky 2008). Caspases constitute a family of proteases, which are synthesized as proenzymes with very low intrinsic activity and, therefore, require activation, either by proteolytic maturation or by interaction with an allosteric activator.
Selective early cardiolipin peroxidation after traumatic brain injury: An oxidative lipidomics analysis. Ann Neurol 62:154–169. Belikova NA, Jiang J, Stoyanovsky DA, Glumac A, Bayir H, Greenberger JS, Kagan VE. (2009a). Mitochondria-targeted (2-hydroxyamino-vinyl)-triphenyl-phosphonium releases NO(·) and protects mouse embryonic cells against irradiation-induced apoptosis. FEBS Lett 583:1945–1950. Belikova NA, Tyurina YY, Borisenko G, Tyurin V, Samhan Arias AK, Yanamala N, Furtmuller PG, Klein-Seetharaman J, Obinger C, Kagan VE.
Finally, the DAMPs when released into the cytosol cyt c interact with PS on the inner leaflet of plasma membrane and stimulate PS peroxidation and externalization of both peroxidized and nonperoxidized PS. Both species of PS can be recognized by phagocyte receptors thus initiating the uptake of apoptotic cells and their digestion. CL: cardiolipin; CLox: oxidized cardiolipin; mCL: monolyso-cardiolipin; PS: phosphatidylserine; PSox: oxidized phosphatidylserine; C: cytochrome c; ROS: reactive oxygen species.