By Serge Berthier (Author), C. Lafait (Translator)
Lepidoptera and Coleoptera – butterflies and beetles - are the main fantastically coloured bugs we will be able to locate. This e-book explores the starting place of those significant colours from a physics viewpoint, starting with the best query: Why colours? the writer masterfully explains at an introductory point the coloring of bugs and illustrates his issues with greater than 240 fantastic figures. The e-book is a wealthy resource for optical physicists, biologists, and lecturers alike.
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Additional resources for Iridescences: The Physical Colors of Insects
Sample text
The penetration speed of diverse liquids in the structure proves to be high, suggesting that the other layers must contain alveolae as well. the scented secretion of which goes through the cuticle and spreads its fragrance around the insect. Androconia can be either grouped in various spots on the wing, or scattered all over the surface between the cover scales. Arrangement of the Scales There is no characteristic arrangement of scales on the membrane. If in primitive groups scales are spread about without any apparent logic, they can—especially among the developed and vividly colored species that concern us—show a quasi crystalline-like arrangement.
8. A cross section through the endocuticle points out arched structures characterizing cholesteric-type arrangement. Lamellae are formed by a 180◦ rotation of sticks. 9. In a cholesteric stage as in the cuticle in Coleopterons, the director orientation regularly varies along the axis. A period shows up when the elements underwent a 180◦ rotation, determining thus a lamella. 44 Chapter 4 Coleoptera Description and Observation Scales with phenomena of polarization by reflection caused by the carvings and alveoles sometimes adorning the surface.
The aspect of iridescence is here bright and metallic. Pigmentary colors or colors proceeding from selective scattering hardly vary, whatever the angle of observation or illumination, except when angles are very high and for highly polarized light. The corresponding aspect is matte, even dull. These experimental techniques—modification of the index or of thickness—permit us in many cases to distinguish between structural and pigmentary origin of colors. They always lead to the alteration or disappearance of colors—a real opportunity for nature and the opportunity for us to mention all the types of color alterations, of chroma, observed among insects.