By John Douglas M.Sc. Ph.D. D.I.C. M.I.Biol (auth.)
The contribution of bacteriophages to the advance of contemporary biology can't be over priced but, sixty years after their discovery, they're as distant and mysterious to many scientists as they're to so much laymen. This booklet endeavours to treatment the placement: an test has been made to supply, in easily understandable shape, a nucleus of data necessary to somebody embarking at the research of bacteriophages or utilizing them of their paintings for the 1st time. It exhibits the diversity of bacteriophage constitution and behavior; it illustrates the position of bacteriophage in molecular biology; it surveys the present cutting-edge; it provides the scientific and commercial points. a few basic experimental methods are given in adequate aspect for the newbie to try them effectively. different, extra refined professional cedures are provided as a way to impart a sense of intimate fact with no superb the reader with technical complexity. i am hoping that younger readers will forgive me for assuming that they've a few wisdom of micro organism, nucleic acids, antibodies and isotopes. Likewise i might ask mature staff to excuse the omission of loved specialities. To have incorporated these kind of, priceless although they're, may need positioned this booklet past the re ach of the phage-novices for whom it truly is meant. particular references, retailer some of specific curiosity, were passed over. different books on bacteriophage v vi BACTERIOPHAGES offer them in abundance.
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Courtesy of Dr. G. Milne and Plant Pathology Laboratory , Rothamsted) removcd by agitation ('sheared off') because it has entered the cdl. This interpretation is supported by electron microscopy. Phage heads are usually dark in electron micrographs because their tightly packed nucleic acid is not easily penetrated by electrons. Phages whose heads have lost their nucleic acid appear light in electron micrographs and are known as 'ghost phages'. Adsorbed phages freguently appear 30 BACTERIOPHAGES ghostly.
20 OOOx. Since the metal actually occludes the finer details the technique is not much used nowadays except in the STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE VIRION A '- t ,,/ • '," Metal evaporqted from electrically ~~a:ed fllamen l C::::::===~I~ t To vacuum pump B '" ~~~ D 0 ! 6 ,: i G'd b ar rI -';\ Ir: li! 14 Shadow Casting A. The specimen is tilted at an appropriate angle to the source of metal atoms. B. To show formation of the 'shadow'. 45 46 BACTERIOPHAGES A B Phage in protein film on surface of liquid ...
V. absorption of each fraction. 51. A i~ ~ ~ 0 ·5 ,g... 0-4 Sl 0·3 D 0« 0 ·2 0 ·1 -c 0 ·7 N 0 0 '8 E 0 ·9 .... 13 Electron Microscopes A. A 'conventional' e1ectron microscope with the filament in the top of the column, the specimen chamber behind hatch a and the viewing screen several inches behind window b, where it can be observed c10sely through the binoculars. The separate power pack and vacuum system are not shown. B. Close-up of A's specimen chamber (opened). A single specimen is held in the end of tube c, which is lowered automatically into position when the hatch is c1osed.