By Robert Klein, George Enders
This special attempt prep advisor permits you to try your wisdom of crucial anatomy, histology and mobilephone biology options for the USMLE Step 1; perform with 500 USMLE Step 1-style questions with referenced solutions; overview causes for correct and fallacious answers;and construct self assurance, talents, and data.
Read Online or Download Anatomy, Histology, and Cell Biology PreTest Self-Assessment and Review, Third Edition (PreTest Basic Science) PDF
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Extra info for Anatomy, Histology, and Cell Biology PreTest Self-Assessment and Review, Third Edition (PreTest Basic Science)
Example text
Those cells release cytokines, which cause hyperplasia of the epidermis. Proliferation occurs throughout the epidermis and is no longer restricted to the basal layer and there is a thickening of the stratum corneum with nucleated keratinocytes present. Pemphigus is an autoimmune disease in which autoantibodies are produced to the desmogleins, members of the cadherin family. The desmosomes break apart resulting in High-Yield Facts 29 blistering of the skin. The basal layer remains intact and attached to the basal lamina because the hemidesmosomes do not contain cadherins.
The result is elevated ACTH and secretion of dehydroepiandrosterone from the fetal cortex causing masculinization (virilizing) of the female genitalia. The fetal adrenal cortex is a key component of the fetal-placental unit. Hypercortisolism or Cushing’s syndrome is five times more common in women than men. Cushing’s syndrome may be caused by a tumor in the corticotrophs of the anterior pituitary (Cushing’s disease), an adrenal adenoma, or administration of exogenous glucocorticoids. Addison’s disease is primary chronic adrenal insufficiency and is most often caused by autoimmune mechanisms leading to atrophy of the adrenal cortex.
Secondary fibers cross the midline in the ventral commissure and ascend in ventral and lateral funiculi (ventral and lateral spinothalamic tracts). • Terminate in ventral posterior lateral nucleus of thalamus. • Tertiary fibers project via the internal capsule to terminate in the postcentral gyrus. • Injury to the spinothalamic tracts results in loss of pain and temperature sensation on the opposite side of the body. • Syringomyelia interrupts pain and temperature fibers crossing in the ventral white commissure and thus results in bilateral sensory deficit.