By Sue Taylor Parker, Robert W. Mitchell, H. Lyn Miles
Study at the psychological talents of chimpanzees and bonobos has been commonly celebrated and utilized in reconstructions of human evolution. by contrast, scant cognizance has been paid to the skills of gorillas and orangutans. This quantity goals to accomplish the image of hominoid cognition by way of bringing jointly the paintings on gorillas and orangutans and atmosphere it in comparative viewpoint. This book's introductory chapters set the evolutionary context for evaluating cognition in gorillas and orangutans to that of chimpanzees, bonobos, and people. the rest chapters concentration totally on the types and degrees of intelligence displayed via orangutans and gorillas in comparison to different nice apes, together with performances within the vintage domain names of software use and power making, imitation, self information, social conversation, and image use.
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Additional info for The Mentalities of Gorillas and Orangutans: Comparative Perspectives
Example text
Cronin, J. (1982). The relationships of Sivapithecus and Ramapithecus and the evolution of the orang-utan. Nature, 297, 541–546. Andrews, P. & Martin, L. (1987). Cladistic relationships of extant and fossil hominoids. Journal of Human Evolution, 16, 101–118. Andrews P. & Martin L. (1991). Hominoid dietary evolution. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London, B 334, 199–209. Andrews, P. & Pilbeam, D. (1996). The nature of the evidence. Nature, 379, 123–124. , & Gullberg, A. (1996).
A slightly greater dependance on terrestrial resources or even a slight increase in the ability to cross open country between patches of forest could lead to selection for bipedalism and megadontia, eventually transforming a chimpanzee-like ancestor into an early human. While it is interesting and relevant to speculate on the origins of humans, an equally intriguing issue concerns the evolutionary history of chimpanzees as it compares to that of humans. Why have chimpanzees changed so little and humans so much?
The most recent of these are reviewed here. Sibley and Alquist (1987) estimated times of divergence within the African apes and humans using hybridization data. 2). This was based on the assumption that the relationship between time and overall average divergence is linear within hominoids, and a calibration range using fossil evidence to date the first appearance of the orangutan lineage (13–17 ma) and the first appearance of the cercopithecoid lineage (25 ma). Caccone and Powell (1989), in an analysis generally accepted as the most sophisticated hybridization work on hominoid relations (Ruvolo, 1995), obtain essentially the same results based on the same assumptions.