By Robert Beevers
Ebenezer Howard is recognized as a pioneer of city making plans through the industrialised international; Britain's new cities, deriving from the backyard towns he based, are his monument. yet Howard used to be greater than a city planner. He used to be firstly a social reformer, and his backyard urban used to be meant to be basically step one in the direction of a brand new social and commercial order in line with universal possession of land. this is often the 1st entire research of Howard's theories, which the writer lines again to their origins in English puritan dissent and ahead to Howard's try and construct his new society in microcosm at Letchworth and Welwyn.
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Extra resources for The Garden City Utopia: A Critical Biography of Ebenezer Howard
Sample text
If he convinced his listeners, they can hardly have numbered among them many prospective investors. And had they known what was only later to be revealed, that the rate of interest on their investment was forever to be limited to 4 per cent per annum, they might have hesitated to invest in 'a form of socialism which depends not upon physical force ... but upon the power of intellectual suasion'. Despite the fact that Howard later ceased to characterise his scheme as socialistic, garden cities were to remain suspect in the eyes of City financiers.
To be effective, however, the process of colonisation must be planned, and Mill went on to commend suggestions as to how that might be done which had been put forward by Edward Gibbon Wakefield some forty years earlier. In particular, Wakefield argued that land usage in new colonies should be controlled so that each would develop with a balance of town and country, industry and agriculture. It was the marriage of town and country that Howard had already envisaged, but in far off lands. Howard believed that he made the necessary logical next step of applying the same principle, that of planned migration, to the mother country by his own unaided efforts.
IS For Howard this conjunction, 'the marvellously close relation that exists between these two needs', offered a different kind of opportunity. Overcrowding, he argued, could only be remedied by redistributing the population and that very process would necessarily open up an entirely new field for labour, thereby solving the problem of unemployment: Imagine for a moment that the problem how to redistribute is solved and that the people England are pouring themselves out of our crowded squalid cities into the now deserted fields and slopes of our beautiful England.