By Mohammed N. Islam (auth.), Mohammed N. Islam (eds.)
I consider vividly the ?rst time that I heard concerning the ?ber ampli?er. at the moment, after all, it used to be the erbium-doped ?ber ampli?er, the predecessor of the Raman ampli?er that's the topic of this booklet. It used to be an early morning in a forgotten 12 months in Murray Hill, New Jersey at considered one of our Bell Labs per 30 days examine employees conferences. approximately twenty administrators and govt administrators of analysis companies clustered round a protracted desk within the implementing govt convention room. Arno Penzias, the vice chairman of study, presided on the foot of the desk. all people who participated in these study employees conferences will lengthy consider their tradition and surroundings. Arno could decide an arbitrary start line someplace round the desk, and the specified individual might head to front of the desk to offer a quick speak on “something new” in his or her examine quarter. This ?rst speaker may perpetually ?ddle helplessly with the controls embedded within the podium that managed the viewgraph projector, yet ultimately we'd listen equipment grinding within the again room as a wide hidden reflect moved into position. we might all wait quietly, arranging and selecting our personal viewgraphs from the piles that lay at the desk in entrance of each participant.
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Extra resources for Raman Amplifiers for Telecommunications 1: Physical Principles
Example text
A second advantage is a more uniform gain along the length of the fiber. This gives rise to better SNR performance and reduced nonlinear penalty. It is also better for higher bit rates and soliton transmission. Finally, when used in conjunction with an EDFA, the complexity of typical inline amplifiers can be placed in the lumped EDFA. In other words, the DRA is just a low-noise preamplifier. The gain equalization, gain level correction, add/drop multiplexers, and dispersion compensation can all be placed at the midstage in the EDFA.
The AllWave fiber has a zero dispersion wavelength around 1310 nm, but special drying techniques are used in the preform to substantially reduce the water absorption peak at 1400 nm. 5 dB/km for conventional fiber. In addition, dispersion in the 1400 nm band is about 6–7 ps/nm-km, making AllWave fiber suitable for 10 Gb/s transmission over 1. 5 m 29 RCVR ATT Monitor RCVR BPF ATT Monitor Fig. 26. Experimental setup for two-band experiments involving four channels in the 1400 nm band and 16 channels in the C-band [40].
In addition, research on high-power laser diodes shows the availability of output powers in excess of one watt in single-mode fibers in the near future; see, for example, Fig. 11 [11]. A third technological development important for Raman amplifiers has been the availability of all fiber components to replace bulk optics. 0 0 –10 –20 –30 Frequency Shift (THz) Fig. 10. Raman gain efficiency for different fibers, including standard single-mode fiber (SMF), dispersion-shifted fiber (DSF), and dispersion-compensating fiber (DCF) [7].