By Novartis Foundation
ATP, the intracellular strength resource, can also be an exceptionally very important cell–cell signalling molecule for a wide selection of cells throughout evolutionarily varied organisms. The extracellular biochemistry of ATP and its derivatives is advanced, and the a number of membrane receptors that it prompts are associated with many intracellular signalling systems.Purinergic signalling impacts a various diversity of mobile phenomena, together with ion channel functionality, cytoskeletal dynamics, gene expression, secretion, telephone proliferation, differentiation and phone death. lately, this classification of signalling molecules and receptors has been chanced on to mediate verbal exchange among neurons and non-neuronal cells (glia) within the principal and peripheral fearful structures. Glia are serious for regular mind functionality, improvement and reaction to harm. Neural impulse task is detected through glia and purinergic signalling is rising as an important technique of integrating sensible job among neurons, glia and vascular cells within the apprehensive approach. those interactions mediate results of neural job at the improvement of the apprehensive process and in organization with harm, neurodegeneration, myelination and cancer.Bringing jointly contributions from specialists in assorted fields, together with glial biologists, neurobiologists and experts in purinergic receptor constitution and pharmacology, this ebook considers how extracellular ATP acts to combine communique among sorts of glia, and among neurons and glia. starting with an outline of glia and purinergic signalling, it includes particular assurance of purine unencumber, receptors and reagents, purinergic signalling within the neural keep an eye on of glial improvement, glial involvement in info processing, and dialogue of the interactions among neurons and microglia.
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Additional info for Purinergic Signalling in Neuron-Glia Interactions (Novartis Foundation Symposia)
Example text
And the formation of reactive astrocytes, as demonstrated by increased expression of the astroglial specific marker GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein) and elongation of GFAP-positive processes (Abbracchio et al 1996). It has been suggested that, through the activation of distinct membrane receptors, ATP and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2, also known as basic FGF) signals merge at the mitogen- OVERVIEW OF PURINERGIC SIGNALLING 45 activated protein (MAP) kinase cascade, and that this integration may underlie the synergistic interactions of ATP and FGF2 in astrocytes.
Brain Res Brain Res Rev 48:157–165 Braun N, Sevigny J, Robson SC, Hammer K, Hanani M, Zimmermann H 2004 Association of the ecto-ATPase NTPDase2 with glial cells of the peripheral nervous system. Glia 45:124–132 Grafe P, Mayer C, Takigawa T, Kamleiter M, Sanchez-Brandelik R 1999 Confocal calcium imaging reveals an ionotropic P2 nucleotide receptor in the paranodal membrane of rat Schwann cells. J Physiol Lond 515:377–383 Michailov GV, Sereda MW, Brinkmann BG et al 2004 Axonal neuregulin-1 regulates myelin sheath thickness.
ATP or adenosine may be a signal that goes to the cell and induces the myelination programme, which is the synthesis of membrane. The recognition signal must be something different, though. Fields: That’s a good point: we should be more specific when we refer to myelination. We are talking about a whole cascade of events, including recognition, adhesion, differentiation and wrapping. There is also reorganization of the molecular structure of the axon at the nodes and internodes. It is a tremendously complicated process, and it is amazing that it can be induced by such a variety of cells.