By U. G. Knight and D. J. Silverleaf (Auth.)
Energy platforms Engineering and arithmetic, through Knight, U.G
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The estimation of the generation pattern and hence fuel usage and cost is essentially an exercise in plant scheduling and dispatching (Chapters 12 and 13), and similar techniques will be used with probably some simplifications in the interests of computing speed. The concepts of incremental cost of generation and the listing of such costs by order of magnitude into "merit orders" are very useful here. The incremental cost ρ of a set is the slope of SOME FREQUENTLY USED ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES h, 49 8760 Time duration, hr FIG.
E. 10). Assume the generators have been listed in order of increasing capacity. The frequency at which zero capacity will occur is 7(0) = (0102 — 0JV)O*I + μ2 + —/**) = 0*i + μ2 + ··· + μΝ)Φ(θ)· The frequency with which only the smallest generator (say number one) will be available is / i 0 ) = Oi02 — £iv)(*i +/*2 + — +/**) = (Àt +μ2 + — +μΝ)φ(1). 5 The joint frequency J " (1) with which both states will be encountered is the sum of/(0) and/(l) less the frequency at which states (0) and (1) interchange, λχφ{\) οτμ±φ(0).
Clearly an iterative method of solution could be used as for load flows, with advantages for very large networks or where only fault levels at a few nodes are required. Programs have been written for the solution of networks with 1000+ nodes. Using a triangular factorisation method a combined load flow (with many outages), and short circuit study (all nodes) might take a few minutes on a large computer. t Some undertakings use transient reactances. t If there is no fault infeed at the existing reference node, an arbitrary reactance can be used, and then deleted after at least one real infeed reactance has been included.