By Ignazio Pandolfo, Silvio Mazziotti
Although orthopantomography (OPT) is a really usually hired radiological exam, even the specialist radiologist can come upon trouble in reporting the findings as a result of the explicit terminology, the character of the diagnostic queries, and the necessity to describe exactly the scientific implications for the dentist. also, artifacts are a common incidence, and plenty of radiologists and dentists are surprising with their factors and options. Methodological inaccuracies throughout the execution of OPTs even have vital scientific implications. For all of those purposes, this richly illustrated monograph on choose units out to explain intimately various technical and methodological features of the exam, from photo acquisition via to artifact iteration because of loss of adventure or malfunctioning. attainable ideas are recommended for all the commonest diagnostic and methodological difficulties. Emphasis is put on acceptable terminology and tips provided at the interpretation of findings in quite a number stipulations, together with the most typical odontological difficulties. This e-book should be of significant worth to the radiologist in regimen interpretation and reporting of OPTs.
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Example text
Such elements present crowns which are more or less dysmorphic, but with a covering of independent enamel (Figs. 30a, b). Gemination In this situation there is a unique root axis and an attempted separation of the crown. This crown splitting may appear prominent or be simply a hint (Fig. 31a, b). Dens in Dente It is the dysmorphism related to an abnormal invagination of the epithelial sheath in the context of dental matrix. As a consequence, an aberrant element forms inside the tooth (Fig. 32a, b).
15a, b). This can be easily avoided through comparison with the contralateral normal side. Obviously, the absolute normality of the dental element under exam must be evaluated. As mentioned earlier, it is sometimes possible to provide evidence of the very thin incisive canaliculus as a characteristic of normal anatomy. It leads itself from the mental foramen towards the elements of the inferior incisive bundle (Fig. 16). Moreover, the other dental canaliculi are rarely and occasionally visible in normal anatomy (Fig.
It is the anatomical area of major importance for oncological implications. Moreover, the mandibular angle, in the inferior lateral side, is characterised by irregular salience and roughness. It represents the insertion area of the masseter muscle (Fig. 9a, b). In its complex, the mandible is constituted by a bundle of cortical bone tissue which is characterised by a major thickness in the lower part and by the sponge tissue which represents the medullary bone. The sponge tissue presents a different architecture and a different grade of opacity, depending on the age, the nutritional state and the general skeletal trophism of the patients.