By Nancy Howell
Lifestyles Histories of the Dobe !Kung re-examines a huge anthropological info set for the Dobe !Kung, the well known "Bushmen" of the Kalahari desolate tract, gathered by way of Nancy Howell and associates. utilizing lifestyles heritage research, Howell reinterprets this wealthy fabric to deal with the query of the way those hunter-gatherers retain their particularly reliable overall healthiness from youth via outdated age within the Kalahari's harsh setting. She divides the inhabitants into lifestyles historical past phases that correlate with anticipated chronological a long time and demonstrates how and why they continue to exist, even thrive, on a modest allotment of energy. She describes how surplus nutrition is produced and allotted, and she or he considers either the factors for the beneficiant sharing she has saw one of the Dobe !Kung and a few evolutionary implications of that habit.
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Extra info for Life Histories of the Dobe !Kung: Food, Fatness, and Well-being over the Life-span (Origins of Human Behavior and Culture)
Sample text
Kung life into focus, and end by relating the boundaries of each stage of life to participants’ ages and the proportion of the population expected to be in each stage at any point in time. 1 DEFINITIONS OF LIFE STAGES Life stages are best defined as bounded by distinctive life events that can be easily observed and are significant to the individuals involved. Kung, we have advantages over biologists who study other species. We are able to discuss with the subjects of the research what events define the main stages of life and how those stages influence the life course.
A half dozen cases of mothers dying in childbirth have been reported (mostly in the accounts of their own mothers). I know of only one case in which the mother died in childbirth and the child survived, raised by her maternal grandmother on cow’s milk. Other maternal orphans in the population lost their mother at older ages, when they had a better chance of adjusting to a diet of cow’s milk. When labor pains start, women make no general announcement but quietly go to a spot in the bush out of sight of the village and off the main paths that lead in and out to give birth in privacy.
Kung children do some useful tasks around the village. They learn to remove the inner shell off already roasted and cracked mongongo nuts that their mother has prepared for the family, and Lee says that children over age 8 shell about half of the nuts they consume each day (Lee, 1979). Children will watch and sometimes help adults who are carrying out tasks such as making tools, stretching and scraping a new hide that will be used to make clothing, or cooking food. Older children may, if asked, go to the well to collect water and carry it back to camp in a pot or in ostrich egg shells, and more often a group of children of mixed ages will accompany an adult to the waterhole and help to carry back a portion of the water that they can manage, or will go along on a firewoodcollecting expedition (most of which are carried out within a few hundred yards of the village) and help to carry back some sticks and branches of firewood.