By Richard Huggett
Basics of Biogeography offers an available, enticing and entire creation to biogeography, explaining the ecology, geography, background and conservation of animals and crops. beginning with an overview of the way species come up, disperse, diversify and turn into extinct, the e-book examines: how environmental components (climate, substrate, topography, and disturbance) impression animals and vegetation; investigates how populations develop, have interaction and live on; how groups shape and alter; and explores the connections among biogeography and conservation.The moment variation has been broadly revised and accelerated all through to hide new themes and revisit issues from the 1st variation in additional intensity. Illustrated all through with informative diagrams and tasty pictures and together with publications to extra examining, bankruptcy summaries and an intensive word list of keyword phrases, basics of Biogeography sincerely explains key techniques within the historical past, geography and ecology of lifestyles structures. In doing so, it tackles essentially the most topical and arguable environmental and moral matters together with species over-exploitation, the affects of worldwide warming, habitat fragmentation, biodiversity loss and surroundings recovery.
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Additional resources for Fundamentals of Biogeography, 2nd Edn (Routledge Fundamentals of Physical Geography Series)
Sample text
Mouse lemurs (Microcebus) are small (up to 60 g), run like rodents, and eat insects as well as fruits. The indri and sifakas (Propithecus) are large animals (up to 1 m long). The aye-aye specializes in prising insects larvae from tree bark and fills the niche of woodpeckers. At least 15 species of subfossil lemur species in 8 or more genera reveal the ‘big’ end of the radiation. Archaeolemur lived on the ground and was about the size of a female baboon. The 77-kg Megaladapis was arboreal with a niche similar to that of a koala.
BIOGEOGRAPHICAL PROCESSES I 1222 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4222 5 6 7 8111 9 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 30111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 40 1 2 3 4 6222 Geography can be important – widespread species are less likely to go extinct than species with restricted ranges. This is because restricted range species are more vulnerable to chance events, such as a severe winter or drought. In a widespread species, severe events may cause local extinctions but are not likely to cause a global extinction. This generalization is borne out by defaunation experiments on red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle) islands in the Florida Keys, USA, where the insects, spiders, mites, and other terrestrial animals were exterminated with methyl bromide gas (see Simberloff and Wilson 1970).
Species that decline to obey Bergmann’s rule include the capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus), which is smaller in Siberia than in Germany. Also, many widespread Eurasian and North American bird species are largest in the highlands of the semi-arid tropics (Iran, the Atlas Mountains, and the Mexican Highlands), and not in the coldest part of their range. g. Lindsey 1966). The explanation of Bergmann’s rule is the subject of much argument, but climate does appear to play a leading role (see Yom-Tov 1993).