By Salman Akhtar
This ebook integrates psychiatry and psychoanalysis to offer deeper and sounder scientific profiles of the character issues than were hitherto available.
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Additional resources for Broken structures : severe personality disorders and their treatment
Example text
The ego is first and foremost a bodily ego. [1923a, p. 26] ... the character of the ego is a precipitate of abandoned object-cathexes and ... it contains the history of those object choices. [1923a, p. 29] ... the ego ideal is ... the heir of the Oedipus complex. [1923a p. 36] ... Anatomy is Destiny. [1924, p. 178] ... all human individuals, as a result of their bisexual disposition and of cross-inheritance, combine in themselves both masculine and feminine characteristics. [1925b, p. 258] Freud also spoke directly of his own sense of identity in an address to B‘nai B’rith: Whenever I felt an inclination to national enthusiasm I strove to suppress it as being harmful and wrong, alarmed by the warning examples of the people’s among whom we Jews live.
It comes apart along its lines of cleavage into fragments whose boundaries, though they were invisible, were predetermined by the crystal’s structure. Mental patients are split and broken structures of this same kind. Š Sigmund Freud, 1932 1 IDENTITY AND ITS ORIGINS A novice beginning yet experient of myriads of seasons, Of every hue and caste am I, of every rank and religion, A farmer, mechanic, artist, gentleman, sailor, quaker, Prisoner, fancy-man, rowdy, lawyer, physician, priest. Š —“Song of Myself,” Walt Whitman Š Š The growing number of borderline and narcissistic patients who call on psychoanalysts and other psychotherapists for help has led to a rising interest in the problem of identity and identity diffusion.
In 1967, Kernberg, in a seminal contribution on borderline personality organization, emphasized the psychostructural and diagnostic significance of identity diffusion in patients with severe character pathology. Later, in 1980, he declared that “it is the presence or absence of identity diffusion that most clearly differentiates borderline from non-borderline conditions” (p. 14). Erikson Despite these more recent recognitions and emphases, the concept of identity is still poorly understood and, in view of its social interface, ambivalently regarded in psychoanalytic circles.