By Jock McCulloch
During this first heritage of the perform and theoretical underpinnings of colonial psychiatry in Africa, Jock McCulloch describes the scientific methods of famous eu psychiatrists who labored without delay with indigenous Africans, between them Frantz Fanon, J.C. Carothers, and Wulf Sachs. They have been a disparate staff, working independently of each other, and as a rule in highbrow isolation. yet regardless of their changes, they shared a coherent set of rules approximately "The African Mind," premised at the colonial suggestion of African inferiority. In exploring the shut organization among the ideologies of settler societies and psychiatric learn, this fascinating examine is among the few makes an attempt to discover colonial technological know-how as a process of information and tool.
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73 It was this that proved too much for the local authorities, who were also unaware that prior to his appointment to Mathari Cobb had been hospitalized in England as the result of a suicide attempt. The Kenya medical board, with John Carman acting as chair, eventually persuaded Cobb to retire on the grounds of ill health. His successor at Mathari was to become the best-known psychiatrist of the colonial era. During the war years the majority of inmates were of course Kenyans, but there were also residents from the other East African territories of Uganda, Zanzibar and Tanganyika.
In the north there were ten local administration asylums, where inmates were housed in mud or clay cells of various sizes, sometimes in a prison yard. Almost half of the inmates were criminal lunatics. The exercise yards were small, and many inmates spent all day in their cells. However, in contrast to the situation in asylums in the south, little use was made of chains or shackles. At best a local medical officer would visit the asylum once a week, and this gave him little opportunity to treat individual inmates.
Carothers reported difficulty in identifying a concept of normality, given Nigeria's cultural diversity, but he did find that insanity everywhere carried a stigma both for sufferers and for their families. The insane were often kept confined to the family hut or chained to a log, and the vast majority of them never found their way to an asylum. The treatment provided by traditional healers was determined by the dominant theory of causation. In the south Carothers found that insanity was believed to arise from the transgression of a taboo or from the casting of a spell, while in the north a djin or spirit was assumed to have gained control over a person who 'had walked in the night'.