By Francesco Saverio De Ponte
During the early nineteenth century, it was once chanced on that including yellow (now known as white) phosphorous to matchstick heads made it more straightforward to ignite suits. The phosphorous vapors have been breathed in via staff and mixed with different chemical compounds within the physique to provide a effective nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate. latest oral nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates and intravenous nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates movement round the physique an identical means because the phosphorous vapors, and are absorbed into bone and ingested via osteoclasts. while this special binding technique of bisphosphonates to bone happens, osteoclasts are poisoned, and this reduces or gets rid of bone turnover. Alveolar bone within the mandible and maxilla turns over extra quickly than in lengthy bones, so the jaws are a greater aim for bisphosphonate toxicity. It wasn't until eventually 2003 that present day intravenous and oral nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate medicines have been implicated as significant possibility components within the improvement of uncovered necrotic bone of the jaws. lots of the researchers who stated circumstances of bisphosphonate-induced osteonecrosis of the jaw chanced on that those sufferers have been taken care of with zoledronate, pamidronate, or a mixture of those medications, that are usual for treating breast melanoma or myeloma. In approximately five% of circumstances, topics with BIONJ have been being taken care of for osteoporosis. Precipitating occasions that give a contribution to BIONJ are enamel extractions (about 50% of cases), mandibular exostoses, periodontal sickness, and native trauma from ill-fitting dentures. it isn't recognized if the location of dental implants is a precipitating issue. The publication goals to fulfill the necessity of clinical practitioners operating in all fields that use bisphosphonates, and to give the conservative and surgery tools presently in use. there'll even be distinctive details at the literature on the subject of dental implants in sufferers taken care of with bisphosphonates.
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Additional resources for Bisphosphonates and Osteonecrosis of the Jaw: A Multidisciplinary Approach
Example text
Explored the potential role of genetics in the development of ONJ in MM patients under BP therapy. A genome-wide association study was performed analyzing 500,568 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in two series of homogeneously treated MM patients, one with and the other without ONJ. Four SNPs that mapped within the cytochrome P450-2C gene (CYP2C8) showed a different distribution between cases and controls, with statistically significant differences. SNP rs1934951 was significantly associated with a higher risk of ONJ development.
References 1. Rogers MJ, Gordon S, Benford HL et al (2000) Cellular and molecular mechanism of action of bisphoshonate. Cancer 88:2961–2978 2. Roger MJ (2003) New insights into the molecular mechanism of action of bisphosphonates. Curr Pharm Des 9:2643–2658 3. Russell RG (2007) Bisphosphonates: mode of action and pharmacology. Pediatrics 119: S150–S162 4. Russell RG (2006) Bisphosphonates: from bench to bedside. Ann NY Acad Sci 1068: 367–401 5. Chapurlat RD, Delmas PD (2006) Drug insight: bisphosphonates for postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Musolino and A. Allegra it has decreased the frequency of skeletal events in MM and delayed their development [2]. Multiple myeloma is the second most common hematologic malignancy and the most common malignancy to involve bone, as more than 85% of patients with MM have bone involvement, which can be devastating. Approximately 45% of patients with MM experience a fracture in the first year after diagnosis, and 65% experience a fracture during the course of the disease [3, 4]. Advanced MM is accompanied by bone lesions resulting from the heightened osteolytic activity of osteoclasts and decreased rates of osteogenesis by osteoblasts.