By Anthony Walsh, Kevin M. Beaver
Excellent to be used, both as a moment textual content in a regular criminology direction, or for a discrete direction on biosocial views, this e-book of unique chapters breaks new and significant floor for tactics contemporary criminologists have to imagine extra extensively in regards to the crime challenge.
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Additional info for Biosocial Criminology: New Directions in Theory and Research
Example text
Natural selection has favored flexibility over fixity of human behavior, which is why behaving violently is very much contingent on environmental instigation. The evolutionary point of view shares the neuroscience point of view that the major long-term factor in violence instigation is how much violence a person has been exposed to in the past. ” Reward Dominance and Prefrontal Dysfunction Theories Reward dominance theory is a neurological theory based on the proposition that behavior is regulated by two opposing mechanisms, the behavioral activating system (BAS) and the behavioral inhibition system (BIS).
Children in our inner cities witness violence on an almost daily basis. For instance, 33 percent of inner city Chicago schoolchildren said they had witnessed a homicide and 66 percent a serious assault (Osofsky, 1995). Witnessing and experiencing violence on a consistent basis gouges the lesson on the neural circuitry that the world is a hostile place in which one must be prepared to protect one’s interests by violent means if necessary. This is not to say that violence is irrational and maladaptive; it is more rational in some environments than in others.
Delinquency and crime: current theories. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Rowe, D. (2002). Biology and crime. Los Angeles: Roxbury. Ruden, R. (1997). The craving brain: the biobalance approach to controlling addictions. New York: HarperCollins. Rutter, M. (2007). Gene-environment interdependence. Developmental Science, 10:12–18. Sampson, R. & J. Laub (2005). A life-course view of the development of crime. American Academy of Political & Social Sciences, 602:12–45. Schore, A. (2001). The effects of early emotional trauma on right brain development, affect regulation, and infant mental health.