By Charles Redman, David R. Foster
Agrarian Landscapes in Transition researches human interplay with the earth. With enormous quantities of acres of agricultural land going out of construction each day, the advent, unfold, and abandonment of agriculture represents the main pervasive alteration of the Earth's surroundings for numerous thousand years. What occurs while people impose their spatial and temporal signatures on ecological regimes, and the way does this manipulation impact the earth and nature's hope for equilibrium?Studies have been carried out at six long-term Ecological learn websites in the US, together with New England, the Appalachian Mountains, Colorado, Michigan, Kansas, and Arizona. whereas each one web site has its personal designated agricultural historical past, styles emerge that assist in making feel of ways our activities have affected the earth, and the way the earth pushes again. The publication addresses how human actions impression the spatial and temporal constructions of agrarian landscapes, and the way this varies over the years and throughout biogeographic areas. It additionally appears to be like on the ecological and environmental results of the ensuing structural alterations, the human responses to those alterations, and the way those responses force additional adjustments in agrarian landscapes.The time frames studied contain the ecology of the earth ahead of human interplay, pre-European human interplay through the upward thrust and fall of agricultural land use, and eventually the organic and cultural reaction to the abandonment of farming, because of entire abandonment or a land-use swap reminiscent of urbanization.
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Extra resources for Agrarian Landscapes in Transition: Comparisons of Long-Term Ecological & Cultural Change (Long-Term Ecological Research Network)
Sample text
Watermelon, peaches, apples, horses, pigs, and chickens were especially prized by the Cherokee. By the mid 18th century, the Cherokee participated in growing trade in cattle and hogs, working as drovers tending to herds of cattle and hogs that ranged free in unfenced forests, and supplied meat to major Atlantic sea ports. By 1819, pressure to expel the Cherokee from their homelands was partially realized when a large tract of land was purchased. S. Congress (21st 1st session) and Evarts, 1830].
Even in more challenging environments, like the semiarid and arid West, where the fit between cereals and biogeography was problematic, mixed farming framed early development. , 2003). This review of historical patterns indicates that we know too little about the internal dynamics of farm systems to make definitive judgments. Nevertheless, the regional summaries are suggestive of the ecological impacts over the long term. They indicate that biogeography modified human agricultural systems slowly and that agrarian landscapes were far from permanent.
The measured pace of growth is evident in the land use visible from the federal census of agriculture. Land in farms across southern Appalachia peaked around 1890, and then began a steady decline (Fig. 5). Resources that were prized for so long and came at such a heavy price were, in the end, more of a refuge from the wider market economy than a point of entry. We can see these dynamics in the steady downward drift in farm size during the historical period. 5 (A, B) Land area, land in farms, and predominant uses of farmland (in acres), 1870–1997, for the Harvard Forest (A) and Coweeta (B) regions.