By Douglas R. Anderson, Hans J. Munkholm
A number of fresh investigations have targeted cognizance on areas and manifolds that are non-compact yet the place the issues studied have a few form of "control close to infinity". This monograph introduces the class of areas which are "boundedly managed" over the (usually non-compact) metric house Z. It units out to strengthen the algebraic and geometric instruments had to formulate and to end up boundedly managed analogues of some of the typical result of algebraic topology and easy homotopy thought. one of many subject matters of the booklet is to teach that during many situations the facts of a regular consequence may be simply tailored to end up the boundedly managed analogue and to supply the main points, usually passed over in different remedies, of this edition. hence, the e-book doesn't require of the reader an in depth heritage. within the final bankruptcy it's proven that particular instances of the boundedly managed Whitehead team are strongly with regards to decrease K-theoretic teams, and the boundedly managed conception is in comparison to Siebenmann's right easy homotopy idea while Z = IR or IR2.
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Example text
Note that the half-open interval [0, 1[, as a subset of the real line, is neither open nor closed. We now go ahead with our new equivalence result. 4 Equivalent subsets have equivalent closures. Proof Let S be a Euclidean set, and let X and Y be equivalent subsets of S. Suppose that f is a homeomorphism from S to itself sending X to Y . We will show that f sends X to Y . Take any s in X. We first show that f (s) belongs to Y , so we consider any neighbourhood N of f (s). Because f is continuous the pre-image M of N is a neighbourhood of s.
A little later we will show that ]0, ∞[, which is also homeomorphic to ]0, 1[, is not equivalent to any of X, Y, Z in the plane. 12 are non-equivalent in the sphere. 8 Again we consider subsets of the sphere, but here each subset is homeomorphic to an open disc. Let X be the sphere with its north pole removed and let Y be the southern hemisphere excluding the equator. The complement of X consists of the north pole, whereas the complement of Y is a hemisphere, so the complements of X and Y are certainly not homeomorphic.
Find six subsets of C each homeomorphic to ]0, 1[, no two equivalent in C. Show that no two of your subsets are equivalent in C (assuming that a cylinder is not homeomorphic to a disc). 4 Surfaces and Spaces In this chapter we give a descriptive account of surfaces, of which we have already met the plane, the sphere and the torus. There are many other surfaces, shortly to be described. The essential idea is that near each of its points a surface is just like the plane. 1 A Euclidean set S is a surface if each of its points has a neighbourhood homeomorphic to an open disc.