By Geoffrey A. Manley, Richard R. Fay
The cochlea doesn't simply decide up sound, it additionally produces sounds of low depth known as Otoacoustic Emissions (OAEs). Sounds produced by way of fit ears – both spontaneously or according to stimuli - let researchers and clinicians to check listening to and cochlear functionality noninvasively in either animals and people. This ebook offers the 1st critical evaluate of the organic foundation of those otoacoustic emissions.
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Sample text
Nature 322:356–368. Kemp DT (1971) A new technique for the analysis of transient ELF electromagnetic disturbances within the Earth-ionosphere cavity. J Atmos Terr Pys 33:567–572. Kemp DT (1978) Stimulated acoustic emissions from within the human auditory system. J Acoust Soc Am 64:1386–1391. Kemp DT (1979) The evoked cochlear mechanical response and the auditory microstructure—evidence for a new element in cochlear mechanics. Scand Audiol Suppl 9:35–47. Kemp DT (1980) Towards a model for the origin of cochlear echoes.
T. , Russell and Lukashkin 2005). Unfortunately, the profile of emitted distortion-product components (see Fig. 3) does not allow the unambiguous determination of hair cell operating characteristics, not least because the relative DP proportions are grossly affected by the emissions mechanism and the integration of multiple cellular sources. The situation will be further complicated if it becomes necessary to account for the nonlinear motility of both the hair cell body and the hair bundle (Fettiplace and Hackney 2006; see also Martin, Chapter 4).
Shera and Guinnan (1999) clarified the matter still further by rejecting Kemp’s presumption that mechanical nonlinearity was a factor in the reflection of traveling-wave energy to form emissions. Although the traveling wave inherited nonlinearity from the cochlear amplifier, they emphasized that a linearly behaving reflector would give rise to both stimulus-frequency emissions and also (provided distortion products generated elsewhere created apical traveling waves that passed the reflector) distortion-product emissions.