By Sergei Nirenburg, Harold L. Somers, Yorick A. Wilks
The sphere of laptop translation (MT) -- the automation of translation among human languages -- has existed for greater than fifty years. MT helped to usher within the box of computational linguistics and has inspired tools and purposes in wisdom illustration, details conception, and mathematical statistics.This priceless source bargains the main traditionally major English-language articles on MT. The booklet is equipped in 3 sections. The historic part includes articles from MT's beginnings throughout the overdue Sixties. the second one part, on theoretical and methodological matters, covers sublanguage and managed enter, the position of people in machine-aided translation, the impression of convinced linguistic ways, the move as opposed to interlingua query, and the illustration of which means and data. The 3rd part, on process layout, covers knowledge-based, statistical, and example-based ways to multilevel research and illustration, in addition to computational concerns.
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W. the following story. A mathematical colleague, knowing that P had an amateur interest in cryptography, came to P one morning, stated that he had worked out a deciphering technique, and asked P to cook up some coded message on which he might try his scheme. P wrote out in Turkish a message containing about 100 words; simplified it by replacing the Turkish letters c¸, g˘, ı, o¨, s¸, and u¨ by c, g, i, o, s, and u respectively; and then, using something more complicated than a simple substitution cipher, reduced the message to a column of five-digit numbers.
D. Bernal’s department in Birkbeck College, University of London, had been active in computer design and construction. Dr. Booth said: A concluding example, of possible application of the electronic computer, is that of translating from one language into another. We have considered this problem in some detail, and it transpires that a machine of the type envisaged could perform this function without any modification in its design. On May 25, 1948, W. W. visited Dr. Booth in his computer laboratory at Welwyn, London, and learned that Dr.
The connective vowel -o- is here for MT an X factor. My solution makes sure that the mechanism will supply a unique and correct answer for all compounds of this nature after the third matching step. No doubt this mechanical determination of the constituents of compounds is also applicable to French. But the compounds of this language happen to be mostly of a kind not requiring any translation. This will be explained and exemplified below. Extemporized Compounds Compounds like English seashore (substantive plus substantive), highland (adjective plus substantive), afterthought (adverb plus substantive), and cutthroat (verb plus substantive) need not be ‘‘memorized’’ because not only will their constituents all be recorded in the mechanical memory, but also their meanings can—at least in a large number of output languages—be inferred from the meaning of the equivalents of their constituents.