By Jan Volavka
Manhattan Univ., big apple urban. textual content presents learn at the psychobiological origins of violence besides the societal motives. comprises up to date and multiplied assets and reports. prior variation: c1995. Softcover. DNLM: Violence.
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Extra resources for Neurobiology of Violence
Sample text
After several aggressive contacts between a given pair of males, the subordinate animal avoids repeated defeats by submissive posturing in response to anticipatory fighting postures and threats by the dominant male: a dominance-submission relationship is created. A series of such relationships in an established colony or group of animals contributes to the hierarchical social order, which can thus be maintained with a minimal number of actual fights. Fear-Induced Aggression Fear-induced aggression is one response available to the defensive animal that is unable to escape from a threat.
Dopamine Multiple dopamine receptor subtypes have been identified (Kandel et al. 2000, pp. 1199–1200); most effects described in the literature on aggression are apparently attributable to the D2 subtypes. Central dopamine agonists increase aggressive behavior. Rodent aggression was enhanced by L-dopa (Lammers and van Rossum 1968) and by the dopamine agonist apomorphine (Senault 1970). Intraventricular administration of dopamine increased pain-induced aggression in rats (Geyer and Segal 1974); the opposite effect was noted for norepinephrine in the same experiment (see previous section).
The videotaping method enabled us to carefully review the events immediately preceding each violent incident. Watching the tapes repeatedly in slow motion revealed the role of akathisia in assailants and victims (Crowner et al. , threats and provocations) emitted by the participants immediately before a fight. In summary, I have described five methods used to detect and to report violence in psychiatric patients: continuous videotaping, direct visual observation, interviewing staff members immediately after the end of their shift, studying charts and ward journals, and reviewing official incident reports.