By K. Thyagarajan
Ever due to the fact that their invention in 1960, lasers have assumed great value within the fields of technology, engineering and know-how due to their use either in easy learn and in quite a few technological purposes. Lasers thought and functions second version will supply a coherent presentation of the fundamental physics at the back of the operating of the laser in addition to a few of their most vital functions. Numerical examples are scattered during the ebook for supporting the scholar achieve a greater appreciation of the recommendations and difficulties on the finish of every bankruptcy and offers the coed a greater figuring out of the fundamentals and assist in making use of the thoughts to useful occasions. This e-book serves as a textual content in a path on lasers and their functions for college kids majoring in a number of disciplines corresponding to Physics, Chemistry and electric Engineering.
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Extra info for Lasers Fundamentals and Applications
Sample text
Calculate the radii of the first two dark rings of the Airy pattern produced at the focal plane of a convex lens of focal length 20 cm. Solution The radius of the first dark ring would be [see Eq. 11 Consider two coherent point sources S1 and S2 emitting waves of wavelength λ (see Fig. 7a). Show that the interference pattern on a plane normal to the line joining S1 and S2 will consist of concentric circular fringes. 00002 × 1014 Hz incident normally on a Fabry–Perot interferometer (see Fig. 95, n0 = 1, and d = 25 cm.
50) implying that the phase front is plane at z= 0. , the intensity reduces by a factor 1/e2 ). This quantity w0 is called the spot size of the beam. If we substitute Eq. 50) in Eq. 49) and use Eq. 56) which shows that the transverse intensity distribution remains Gaussian with the beamwidth increasing with z which essentially implies diffraction divergence. As can be seen from Eq. 57) which shows that the width increases linearly with z. This is the Fraunhofer region of diffraction. 58) showing that the rate of increase in the width is proportional to the wavelength and inversely proportional to the initial width of the beam.
The laser emits a wavelength of 530 nm which is much larger than the size of the laser! The longest laser today is the Raman fiber laser (based on stimulated Raman scattering) and has a length of 270 km! (Turitsyn et al. 2009). Such ultralong lasers are expected to find applications in areas such as non-linear science, theory of disordered systems, and wave turbulence. Since loss is a major concern in optical fiber communication systems, such an ultralong laser offers possibilities of having an effectively high-bandwidth lossless fiber optic transmission link.