By Jozef J. Bujarski, Peter D. Nagy (auth.), Jerzy Paszkowski (eds.)
Higher eukaryotes are characterised through the allocation of special services to various forms of differentiated cells. while in animals the well-defined, secure cells of the germ line separate early, germ cells in crops differentiate from somatic cells in simple terms after many cycles of mitotic department. accordingly somatic mutations in crops could be transmitted through the germ cells to the progeny. there's therefore a transparent want for somatic tissues to keep up their genetic integrity within the face of environmental demanding situations, and varieties of interactions were proven to play vital roles within the conservation in addition to flexibility of plant genomes: homologous recombination of repeated sequences and silencing of accelerated genes. delicate equipment were constructed that permit higher insights into the dynamics of the genome. This booklet summarizes present wisdom and dealing hypotheses in regards to the frequencies and mechanisms of mitochondrial, plastid, nuclear and viral recombination and the inactivation of repeated genes in crops. regardless of quick advancements within the box, it is usually impossible to supply ultimate solutions. hence, it really is an extra job of this e-book to outline the open questions and destiny demanding situations.
The booklet is addressed to scientists engaged on plant biology and recombination, to newbies within the box and to complicated biology scholars.
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Extra info for Homologous Recombination and Gene Silencing in Plants
Example text
TIBS 8: 119-121. King MQ (1988) Genetic recombination in positive strand RNA viruses. In: Domingio E, Holland 11 & Ahlquist P (eds) RNA Genetics II (pp 149-166). CRC, Boca Raton, FL. Lebeurier G, Hirth L, Hohn T & Hohn B (1980) Infectivities of native and cloned cauliflower mosaic virus DNA. Gene 12: 139-146. Lebeurier G, Hirth L, Hohn B & Hohn T (1982) In vivo recombination of cauliflower mosaic virus DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 79: 2932-2936. Melcher U, Choe IS, Lebeurier G, Richards K & Essenberg RC (1986) Selective allele loss and interference between cauliflower mosaic virus RNAs.
Replication from the tandem repeats, which formally have the same structure as replicative form dsDNA. In this case, dsDNA forms would arise as a result of second-strand synthesis on the ssDNA template (Figure 2). The question of release mechanism has been addressed in studies using tandemly repeated copies of the BCTV genome in which the individual units were derived from different BCTV strains (Figure 3) (Stenger et al. 1991). It was found that when two common regions (plus-strand replication origins) were present in the tandem repeats used to agroinoculate plants, replicational release was favored that resulted in progeny genomes of a single predominant genotype.
1986a, 1986b) for agroinfection and by Gal et al. (1991, 1992) to study recombination in planta. In this case, one-and-a-bit-mers of virus DNA were incorporated between the T-DNA of the Agrobacterium tumefaciens Ti-plasmid and transferred into plants through infection with the manipulated Agrobacterium. Turnip plants inoculated with pairs of defective CaMV DNAs also become infected. Progeny virus isolated from these plants contains wild-type DNA, suggesting that infectivity results from recombination rather than complementation.