By L. Lonergan, R. J. H. Jolly, K. Rawnsley, D. J. Sanderson
Fractured reservoirs comprise an important percentage of the worldwide hydrocarbon reserves; even if, they typically convey unpredictable and severe construction behaviour. To strengthen such reservoirs it will be significant to acquire the easiest knowing attainable of the fracture community and its impression at the fluid circulation in the reservoir, utilizing the complete diversity of geoscience and engineering datasets on hand in any respect scales. This publication provides an summary of present suggestions and the newest applied sciences used to appreciate and make the most fractured reservoirs. The contributions are equipped into sections on outcrop analogues, the applying of geophysical strategies for fracture detection and imaging, numerical and analogue modelling and case reviews from fields within the center East, Europe and North the United States. some of the case reviews additionally think of methods of assessing uncertainties in fracture geometry description and the consequences for powerful reservoir management.Also to be had: Geometry and Petrogenesis of Dolomite Hydrocarbon Reservoirs - ISBN 1862391661 The Initiation, Propagation, And Arrests of Joints And different Fractures - ISBN 1862391653 Fracture And In-situ tension Characterisation of Hydrocarbon Reservoirs - ISBN1862391300
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Additional resources for Fractured Reservoirs (Geological Society Special Publication no 270)
Example text
Two fault sets can be defined: one dipping 40 ~ towards an azimuth of 210 (SSW) and another are sub-vertical with a similar strike direction. Both fault sets are extensional relative to initial (pre-folding) orientation of the bedding, and the majority of lineations indicate dip-slip movement. However, the sub-vertical fault set appear to be reverse faults in the present day. There is no evidence of drag or rotation of bedding in either footwalls or hanging walls adjacent to the faults. This may be due to the brittle nature of the faulted stratigraphy, which fractures rather than folds, and the relatively low displacement values.
In the Tang-e-Ab profile in the forelimb there is a large spread in fracture orientation, similar to what is observed in the same structural position at the Tang-e-Takab profile. The classical fracture sets of Stearns (1967) or Price (1966) are not recognized in rose diagrams of fracture strike. Instead the two dominating fracture set is oriented in between the R2 and T1 (or between type 1 and type 2 of Stearns), and a third set between R1 and T 1 . Fracture spacing and fracture intensity Fracture spacing distribution was analysed for each individual fractures set.
The NE fold limb of the Tang-e-Takab profile exposes a series of normal faults and associated structures (Fig. 13a). The faults, which have relatively small displacements ( 1 - 7 m), appear to be typical of the northeastern limb of the Khaviz Anticline. The faults can be compared with larger displacement structures seen in the crest and hinge zones of the anticline (Figs 4 and 5a). In this area the bedding dips 40 ~ towards an azimuth of 020 (NNE). Two fault sets can be defined: one dipping 40 ~ towards an azimuth of 210 (SSW) and another are sub-vertical with a similar strike direction.