By Elisabeth Ehler
This publication offers a set of specialist studies on various subcellular cubicles of the cardiomyocyte, addressing basic questions reminiscent of how those booths are assembled in the course of improvement, how they're replaced in and by way of affliction and which signaling pathways were implicated in those tactics to this point. As such, it deals the 1st assessment of the mobile biology of middle sickness of its variety, addressing the wishes of telephone biology scholars focusing on vascular and cardiac biology, in addition to these of cardiologists and researchers within the box of telephone biology.
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Extra resources for Cardiac Cytoarchitecture: How to Maintain a Working Heart
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2013). Thus, several techniques can be used to mimic the architecture of healthy or diseased cardiac tissues in vitro, allowing investigators to study how tissue structure regulates function in a controlled setting. Although 2D monolayers are helpful for understanding the function of sheets of heart tissue, engineering more complex three-dimensional (3D) tissues is also important for revealing mechanisms of cardiac disease. However, appropriate 3D scaffolds must provide structural and physiological characteristics that mimic that of the heart in vivo.
1997). Cardiac myocytes seeded onto these substrates then adhere and spread only on the micropatterned regions of the substrate (Geisse et al. 2009). Using this technique, cardiac myocytes with length:width aspect ratios matching those found in health and disease have been engineered in culture (Fig. 2a, b). These studies have revealed that sarcomere organization is regulated by myocyte shape, where myocytes with moderate to high aspect ratios have higher global sarcomere alignment than those with lower aspect ratios (Bray et al.
1999; Hirschy et al. 2006), tissues inside embryos are difficult to image in real time and thus must be fixed and sectioned, providing only “frozen snapshots” of developmental processes. Thus, in vitro systems are valuable because cells in a dish are more accessible to imaging, allowing us to capture dynamic data about how proteins interact, assemble, and function as myocytes rebuild their cytoskeleton in culture (Sanger et al. 1986; Hilenski et al. 1991; Rhee et al. 1994; Dabiri et al. 1997; Du et al.