By Steven Taylor
Within the mid- to past due Forties, a gaggle of younger males rattled the psychiatric institution through beaming a public highlight at the squalid stipulations and brutality in our nation's psychological hospitals and coaching faculties for individuals with psychiatric and highbrow disabilities. Bringing the abuses to the eye of newspapers and magazines around the nation, they led a reform attempt to alter public attitudes and to enhance the learning and standing of institutional employees. those younger males have been one of the 12,000 global battle II conscientious objectors who selected to accomplish civilian public carrier in its place to battling. performing on sense of right and wrong a moment time, they challenged America's remedy of its electorate with critical disabilities. Acts of moral sense brings to gentle the intense efforts of those brave males, drawing upon huge archival study, interviews, and private correspondence.
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Extra resources for Acts of Conscience: World War II, Mental Institutions, and Religious Objectors
Sample text
The Friends had wanted a provision for “absolutist” objectors: persons opposed to cooperation with conscription and any form of involuntary service. 14 Roosevelt responded amicably to the delegation, and the representatives left the meeting believing that it had been a success. 15 In the spring of 1940, Congress considered a draft law. 16 The proposed law was nearly identical to the 1917 conscription act. Its exemption from combatant service applied only to members of historic peace churches and did not excuse conscientious objectors from serving in noncombatant roles.
S. ” Both Popes Pius XII and John XXIII added limitations that basically restrict “just” wars to wars of defense because of the nature of modern war; Only a war declared and conducted by competent (legitimate) authority can be considered “just”; Comparative justice requires that, in the absence of a truly international authority, no state should assume or claim absolute justice for its cause; There must be a right intention (always the search for a just peace); War must be a last resort; all other options must have been tried and must have failed for war to be “just”; There must be reasonable probability of success; Proportionality requires that the war’s costs and harmful effects not be greater than the good to be achieved.
Yet in the Vietnam era, many COs did not come from churches with a pacifist history and did not even oppose war on grounds associated with organized religions. In United States v. 5 22 “Religious Training and Belief” | 23 At least in the public arena, opposition to the Vietnam War was led by “New Left” intellectuals and students, “Old Left” radicals and pacifists, including World War II resisters such as A. J. Muste and David Dellinger, and activists from a church lacking a strong tradition of pacifism—Catholics.