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Extra resources for Windows Assembly Language and Systems Programming: 16- and 32-Bit Low-Level Programming for the PC and Windows
Sample text
The stack is used by the computer and by your program. For example, whenever an interrupt occurs the CPU pushes the IP, CS, and FLAGS onto the stack, so that when the interrupt routine is finished (terminated by an IRET instruction) the CPU will pop these values back into the respective registers and continue from where it left off. Purpose of the stack Thus the stack is used to hold register values to enable the CPU to return from an interrupt and also from a procedure CALL. However you can make use of the stack in your program, by means of the PUSH instruction, which pushes a 16-bit value onto the stack, and POP, which pops the top value off the stack into a register or memory location.
Anyway, we are stuck with the current situation. Changing from one task (program) to another is a matter of changing to a new LDT,’ which involves the CPU looking into the GDT and getting the new LDT’s address. However, the “state” of the task about to be suspended must be saved, and the “state” of the incoming task must be restored. This state consists of the CPU and coprocessor registers plus various memory pointers and values, and an incredible time overhead is involved to save and restore this lot.
You may find it extremely helpful at this point to visualise what is happening. 1 and examine the effect of the PUSH and POP instructions. *.. 1 you see two instructions, PUSH and POP, that you can use in your program. You can push values onto the stack, and storage take them off again - why? - one reason is that it serves as a convenient temporary storage. ,,a C A L L / R E T I also mentioned that the stack is used by the CALL instruction this is one of the “transfer of control” instructions and is described in the next section.