By Diane Reay, Gill Crozier, David James
Many years of neo-liberal reforms have confirmed a industry in secondary education, the place 'choice' and 'diversity' are anticipated to force up criteria and maximize person accountability. this can be recognized to favour center type humans. yet what of these heart sessions intentionally identifying usual or even 'low acting' secondary faculties for his or her young ones? What are their factors, and the way do they event the alternative? what's it like for the teenagers themselves? the place do they prove? And what does all this express us approximately modern white heart type id and its formation? This groundbreaking examine bargains a few solutions to those questions. in keeping with special fieldwork with mom and dad and youngsters, it examines 'against-the-grain' university offerings, taking a look specifically at kinfolk historical past, locality, the character of 'choice' itself and linked anxieties, relationships to different ethnic teams and to whiteness, and the results for democracy. The e-book highlights an inescapable acquisitiveness but additionally extra hopeful dimensions of latest white center classification identification.
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Some 5 per cent had attended secondary modern schools, and 18 per cent had attended comprehensive schools. If we set aside the category ‘other schools’ for a moment, 163 parents were wholly or mainly educated in the state sector (71 per cent) and 66 of the parents were wholly or mainly educated in the private sector (29 per cent). 1). It is also notable that the proportion of those who had attended Grammar (selective state secondary) schooling is considerably higher than national averages. 1 Secondary schools attendeda by parents in the study – to nearest whole percentages (actual numbers in parentheses) Mothers Secondary Modern Grammar Comprehensive Other state schoolsb Private schools Other schoolsc Totals Fathers Parents 5 (6) 36 (45) 22 (27) 9 (11) 26 (33) 2 (3) 5 (6) 28 (35) 14 (17) 13 (16) 26 (33) 14 (18) 5 (12) 32 (80) 18 (44) 11 (27) 26 (66) 8 (21) 100 (125) 100 (125) 100 (250) Note: a Where parents attended more than one type of school they have been allocated to the category representing the greatest portion of their schooling.
Some 5 per cent had attended secondary modern schools, and 18 per cent had attended comprehensive schools. If we set aside the category ‘other schools’ for a moment, 163 parents were wholly or mainly educated in the state sector (71 per cent) and 66 of the parents were wholly or mainly educated in the private sector (29 per cent). 1). It is also notable that the proportion of those who had attended Grammar (selective state secondary) schooling is considerably higher than national averages. 1 Secondary schools attendeda by parents in the study – to nearest whole percentages (actual numbers in parentheses) Mothers Secondary Modern Grammar Comprehensive Other state schoolsb Private schools Other schoolsc Totals Fathers Parents 5 (6) 36 (45) 22 (27) 9 (11) 26 (33) 2 (3) 5 (6) 28 (35) 14 (17) 13 (16) 26 (33) 14 (18) 5 (12) 32 (80) 18 (44) 11 (27) 26 (66) 8 (21) 100 (125) 100 (125) 100 (250) Note: a Where parents attended more than one type of school they have been allocated to the category representing the greatest portion of their schooling.
This ‘horizontal’ distinction drew upon a development of Durkheim’s concept of organic solidarity, the ‘social glue’ that keeps societies more or less integrated but which is not reliant on the more explicit contractual arrangements of mechanical solidarity. Bernstein proposed that organic solidarity could itself take two forms in contemporary society. The first was based on radical individualism, corresponding to values of enterprise and professional control developed in the nineteenth century, and this form still underpins the actions of the old middle-class.