By R. Mohan Mathur, Rajiv K. Varma
An enormous new source for the foreign application industry during the last twenty years, static reactive energy compensators have developed right into a mature know-how and turn into an essential component of recent electrical energy structures. they're one of many key units in versatile AC transmission structures (FACTS). Coordination of static compensators with different controllable proof units gives you not just greatly more desirable strength procedure controllability, but in addition the extension of energy move power of present transmission corridors to close their thermal capacities, therefore delaying or perhaps curbing the necessity to put money into new transmission amenities. supplying either an in-depth presentation of theoretical recommendations and useful purposes bearing on those strength compensators, Thyristor-Based proof Controllers for electric Transmission platforms fills the necessity for a suitable textual content in this rising know-how. Replete with examples and case experiences on regulate layout and function, the e-book offers an enormous source for either scholars and engineers operating within the box.
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Additional resources for Thyristor-Based FACTS Controllers for Electrical Transmission Systems
Example text
5. The effective reactance corresponding to the slope of saturation characteristic of the SR varies from 8 to 15% on its own rating, which is attributed to the residual inductance of saturated iron. For voltage regulation, however, this slope needs to be reduced to 3–5%. Because of the expense in achieving this slope reduction by improved reactor design, a slope-correcting capacitor is installed in series with a saturated reactor. To prevent the occurrence of subharmonic oscillations from the interaction of the slope-correcting capacitor, the saturated reactor, and the network reactance—especially in weak ac systems—invariably a damping filter is provided across the slope-correcting capacitor.
Therefore, one concludes that the series-capacitive compensation is not only achieved with a smaller MVAR rating, but also that it is automatically adjusted for the entire range of the line loading. However, the cost of the compensator is not directly related only to the MVAR-rating seriescapacitor costs increase because they carry full line current and also both their ends must be insulated for the line voltage. Practical application of series capacitors requires isolation and bypass arrangements as well as protection and monitoring arrangements.
A firing angle of 90 results in full thyristor conduction with a continuous sinusoidal current flow in the TCR. As the firing angle is varied from 90 to close to 180 , the current flows in the form of discontinuous pulses symmetrically located in the positive and negative half-cycles, as displayed in Fig. 7. Once the thyristor valves are fired, the cessation of current occurs at its natural zero crossing, a process known as the line commutation. The current reduces to zero for a firing angle of 180 .