By Zilberman David Timilsina Govinda R
Interest in biofuels started with oil shocks within the 1970’s, however the extra swift improvement and intake of biofuel lately has been essentially pushed by means of mandates, subsidies, weather switch issues, emissions pursuits and effort safety. From 2004 to 2006, gas ethanol grew through 26% and biodiesel grew through 172%. As biofuel construction keeps to extend, investments in ability growth and study and improvement were made. The 2008 meals challenge emphasised the necessity to think again biofuel effects. Biofuels stay a tremendous renewable power source to alternative for fossil fuels, relatively within the transportation region, but biofuels’ luck continues to be doubtful. the way forward for biofuels within the strength provide combine depends on mitigating power and enhancing the environmental profits. This e-book brings jointly top experts on biofuel from the realm financial institution to check all the affects of biofuel (economic, social, environmental) inside of a unified framework and in a world viewpoint, making it of curiosity to lecturers in agricultural and environmental economics in addition to and policy-makers.
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Additional info for The Impacts of Biofuels on the Economy, Environment, and Poverty: A Global Perspective
Sample text
2 Lignocellulosic Ethanol: Research and Development Stemming from the complexities of the feedstock and processes for the second- generation fuel ethanol production, advancements must be made in the way of technology and cost structure before these seemingly carbon neutral sources may compete as energy provisions. Primarily, research on lignocellulosic ethanol production has 2 Biofuel Technologies and Potential 21 been focused on reducing the costs of the second-generation technologies. , glucose, xylose) to boost output.
Trends in Biotechnology, 26(3), 126–31. 1 An Overview of Global Markets and Policies 13 Cooper, G. (2012). 19 billion gallons; Brazil accounts for one-third of shipments. 19-billion-gallons-brazil-accounts-for-one-thi/ Doornbosch, R. & Steenblik, R. (2007, September 11–12). Biofuels: is the cure worse than the disease? OECD round table on sustainable development, Paris, France. European Biodiesel Board (EBB). (2013). Statistics: The EU biodiesel industry. Bruxelles, Belgium: Author. php#. Energy Information Administration (EIA), US Department of Energy.
R. Timilsina and D. A. Carriquiry et al. Fig. 1 Biofuel production costs from various feedstocks. Source: HLPE (2013) and Carriquiry et al. (2011). Note: co-product credits are not included for maize and wheat ethanol in the study. GJ giga joules In this chapter, we review the literature on production costs of biofuels. , ethanol and biodiesel). We then move to the review of production costs of second generation biofuels, highlighting the need for new and grounded data on production processes and costs of plants that operate at commercial scale.