By David C. Mowery, Richard R. Nelson
This ebook describes and analyzes how seven significant high-tech industries developed within the usa, Japan, and Western Europe. The industries lined are desktop instruments, natural chemical items, prescription drugs, scientific units, pcs, semiconductors, and software program. In every one of those industries, organizations situated in a single or a really few international locations grew to become the transparent technological and advertisement leaders. In a few situations, the locus of management replaced, occasionally greater than as soon as, over the process the histories studied. the focal point of the ebook is at the key components that supported the emergence of nationwide management in each one undefined, and the explanations in the back of the shifts once they happened. certain consciousness is given to the nationwide regulations that helped to create or maintain commercial leadership
''This booklet describes and analyzes how seven significant high-tech industries advanced within the usa, Japan, and Western Europe. The industries coated are desktop instruments, natural chemical items, prescribed drugs, clinical units, desktops, semiconductors, and software program. In every one of those industries, corporations positioned in a single kingdom or a truly few nations grew to become the transparent technological and advertisement leaders. In a few instances, the locus of management replaced, occasionally greater than as soon as, over the process the histories studied. The emphasis of the publication is at the key components that supported the emergence of nationwide management in each one undefined, and the explanations in the back of the shifts after they occurred.Special realization is given to the nationwide regulations that helped to create, or maintain, business leadership.''--BOOK JACKET. Read more... advent / David C. Mowery and Richard R. Nelson -- The evolution of aggressive virtue within the around the world semiconductor undefined, 1947-1996 / Richard N. Langlois and W. Edward Steinmueller -- commercial dynamics and the evolution of businesses' and international locations' aggressive features on this planet desktop / Timothy F. Bresnahan and Franco Malerba -- the pc software program / David C. Mowery -- Innovation within the computer device undefined: a historic viewpoint at the dynamics of comparative virtue / Roberto Mazzoleni -- Dynamics of comparative virtue within the chemical / Ashish Arora, Ralph Landau, and Nathan Rosenberg -- The pharmaceutical and the revolution in molecular biology: interactions between medical, institutional, and organizational switch / Rebecca Henderson, Luigi Orsenigo, and Gary P. Pisano -- Diagnostic units: an research of comparative benefits / Annetine C. Gelijns and Nathan Rosenberg -- Explaining business management / David C. Mowery, Richard R. Nelson
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Additional resources for Sources of industrial leadership : studies of seven industries
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STEINMUELLER struggling over patent claims, the two companies forged a crosslicensing agreement in 1966 that effectively gave them joint claim on the invention. Each company granted licenses to all comers in the range of 2 to 4 percent of IC profits (Reid, 1984, pp. 94-95). This practice reproduced and extended the technology-licensing policies of AT&T, again broadly diffusing the core technological innovation to all entrants. Incremental technical improvement of the planar process helped set the paradigm or "technological trajectory" for the industry.
29). 9). The Role of Demand As had been the case in the rise of the American semiconductor industry, the pattern of end-use demand was crucial in shaping the bundle of capabilities that Japanese industry possessed - as well as in narrowing and limiting the choices the Japanese firms had open to them. In this case, that end-use demand came largely from consumer electronics and, to a somewhat lesser extent, from telecommunications. 44 And NTT's demand for high-quality memory chips for telecommunication switching systems helped nudge the industry into a strategy of specialization in high-volume production of DRAMs.
187) reports, for example, that Westinghouse diverted some 50 professionals to the molecular electronics project. Of course, part of the reason that Westinghouse was willing to take on the project was that its opportunity costs of doing so were much lower than those of leading semiconductor firms like TI or Fairchild (Kleiman, 1966, p. 185). 7. S. S. domestic shipments (millions) Source: Borrus et al. (1983, p. 159). 32 These firms were also late to begin IC production, a technology for which they foresaw little demand.