By Fuad Baali
'Ilm al- 'umran is ..".an self sustaining technology. This technology has its personal ordinary object--that is, human civilization and social association. The dialogue of this subject is whatever new, outstanding, and hugely invaluable. Penetrating examine has proven find out how to it." -- Ibn Khaldun
This publication probes the character, scope, and strategies of 'ilm al- 'umran, the hot technology of human social association, because it is constructed in Ibn Khaldun's 14th-century masterpiece, the Mugaddimah. It explores his principles and observations on society, tradition, socialization, social keep an eye on, the nation, asabiyah (social solidarity), background as a cyclical stream, urbanization, and the typology of badawa (primitive existence) and hadara (civilized lifestyles or urbanism).
Through a comparative viewpoint, this examine illustrates that Khaldun's rules approximately society have conceptually preceded these of Machiavelli, Vico, and Turgot, in addition to these of Montesqueau, Comte, Durkheim, Gumplowicz, Spengler, Tonnies, or even Marx. Society, country, and Urbanism demonstrates that Ibn Khaldun's notion is proper to modern sociological thought, and that his very language differs little from that of classical and smooth sociologists.
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Flattery and encomiums, which are used to approach men of power or rulers. Accordingly, false reports or information concerning these rulers may result. People naturally like to be praised and flattered and may encourage such false information to spread even if they do not really deserve it. Ibn Khaldun then discussed the nature of the information with which historians usually deal. "59 A person who studies religious information may not need to know social laws or "the nature of things which are born of civilization," for the divine revelation is the only source of religious information.
And Simmel's conception of society is, to some extent, similar to Weber's, although he preferred to speak not of society, but of socialization. 1 The system of relations Simmel referred to as moral, legal, and conventional is similar to Durkheim's view of societal morality: "It is not a simple juxtaposition of individuals who bring an intrinsic morality with them, but rather man is a moral Page 28 being only because he lives in society . . Morality, in all its forms, is never met with except in society.
Through this approach, one can arrive at verifiable information that may serve as grounds for prediction. That is, if some of Ibn Khaldun's ideas help one to formulate accurate (scientific) theory about human social organization, then they ought not to be ignored. In science, the connections between the different stages of its development are not overlooked. Contemporary sociologists consider Auguste Comte, Herbert Spencer, Georg Simmel, and Max Weber sociologists. "10 While one discovers that some of the "fathers" and "pioneers" of sociology are not considered sociologists, one also realizes that some six centuries ago Ibn Khaldun declared that he had founded "the science of human social organization,'' which is independent from philosophy, political science, and other disciplines, and which is very much equivalent to what is now called sociology.