By N.A. Anstey
This little publication is varied. it truly is written, essentially, for geologists, reservoir engineers, and log analysts. Why? simply because contemporary seismic strategy is greater than a device for reconnaissance exploration, for locating constructions; it has turn into a device for learning the chanced on reservoir-its quantity, its boundaries, its diversifications of thickness, and its traits of porosity. this day, the geophysicist, the geolog ist, the engineer, and the log analyst can do good things jointly. as the ebook isn't really written basically for geophysi cists, it will probably pass a lot of the "mechanics" of the seismic technique. The reader who reaches the final web page (bless him!) will be unable to preparation the seismic process, yet he'll know how the seismic technique may also help to resolve his difficulties. it might even be of worth to these practitioners of the seismic method-in the sector or within the processing centre-who already comprehend the mechanics of the tactic, yet wish to take a broader view. 1 1 Seismics and constitution Of all of the geophysical tools operating from the outside, there's just one that's broadly authorized for reports of person petroleum reservoirs-the seismic mirrored image process. we'd dearly like to have anything higher, yet unfortunately ... decreased to its necessities, the strategy is that this: we make a bang, and we hear for echoes.
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Extra info for Simple Seismics: for the petroleum geologist, the reservoir engineer, the well-log analyst, the processing technician, and the man in the field
Example text
The whole ofthe interval (i) G) and (k) is likely to exhibit the scrappy appearance-variable amplitude and poor continuity-of non-marine deposits. At (1) we see the evidence of a rapid fall in relative sea level, requiring a new sequence boundary. The fall is followed by a rise, leading to the onlap evident at (m); we now have the possibility of transgressive shoreline sands reworked from the previous sediments above (h) and (t). The progradation continues, as does the rise in relative sea level.
And so it is with the earth; the minimum final response (c) of the surface, for a simple outwards movement from the explosion, is up-down-overshootback. All in a tenth or a twentieth of a second (d). Normal geophones are sensitive not to the up-down displacement of the surface, but to the rate-of-change of this motion. So the geophone signal (e), in response to a simple reflected bang, typically consists of one-and-a-half cycles, having a total duration of the order of one-tenth to onetwentieth of a second.
53 54 / Simple Seismics Lith log RC log - + (a) Synthetic seismogram (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) RC log (j) Figure 34 The construction of the basic synthetic seismogram. for a positive reflector and white for a negative reflector, and ... and so on. It's part of what we call wavelet processing. " So we give our seismic traces to the processors, and they produce Figure 35 as their modified version of Figure 34. Each pulse is now symmetrical and centred on the correct time. The synthetic seismogram-the result of adding the six pulsesnow looks much more like the RC-Iog; we have a black peak more-or-Iess corresponding to each positive contact, and a white trough more-or-Iess corresponding to each negative contact.