By Marcel Bax, C. Jan-Wouter Zwart
In Reflections on Language and Language studying: In honour of Arthur van Essen, thirty-one major language students and academic linguists within the Netherlands and overseas with whom through the years Professor van Essen, one of many grandees of utilized linguistics, has collaborated supply unique essays and reviews which debate the newest insights and traits within the fields of linguistics and international language instructing. whereas interdisciplinary in scope, the quantity encompasses theoretical advances in (educational) linguistic pondering; for instance, the perceptive articles written by way of Michael Byram, Christopher N. Candlin, Natalia Gvishiani, Peter Jordens, Jan Koster, Leo van Lier, and Bondi Sciarone ― in addition to a pattern of the most recent methodological advancements in components equivalent to ELT, LSP, and content-based language instructing; situations in element are the precious contributions by way of Jeanine Deen & Hilde Hacquebord, Michaël Goethals, Paul Meara & Ignacio Rodríguez Sánchez, Rosamond Mitchell & Christopher Brumfit, and Uta Thürmer.
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The idea that one’s culture and language are not an expression of universal and individual human nature, but the reflection of one unique group — class, tribe or Volk — is among the most characteristic thoughts of Romanticism. It can be found in Vico’s New Science, but much more influential were the ideas of Johann Gottfried Herder, who can be seen as the true father of cultural particularism (Berlin 1977, 1999). Although he did not entirely give up Enlightenment universalism, he nevertheless contributed to the idea that each culture has its own unique character and should be understood on its own terms.
For a linguist and cognitive scientist, the logic of the situation is curiously familiar. The revolution that took place in the 1950s in these fields completely did away with the then powerful behaviourism of Skinner, which (given its total lack of scientific plausibility) was exposed as thinly disguised ideology (see, for instance, Chomsky 1972). The relevant point in this context is that Skinner’s behaviourism was, like Darwinism, a selection theory. With a socalled Skinner box, the experimenter acts like Darwin’s breeder by selectively rewarding the desired behaviour (of the animal in the box), which is thus selected over some period of time.
Linguistics, historicism and the humanities Mandelbaum, M. 1971. History, Man and Reason: A Study in Nineteenth-Century Thought. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press. Margulis, L. 1998. Symbiotic Planet: A New Look at Evolution. New York: Basic Books. Meinhardt, H. 1998. The Algorithmic Beauty of Sea Shells. Berlin: Springer Verlag. Noll, R. 1994. The Jung Cult: Origins of a Charismatic Movement. New York: Free Press Paperbacks, Simon and Schuster. Prusinkiewicz, P. and A. Lindenmayer.