By Josef Leitmann, Urban Management Program
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Additional info for Rapid urban environmental assessment: lessons from cities in the developing world, Volume 2
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Page ii This document has been prepared under the auspices of the United Nations Development Programme/United Nations Centre for Human Settlements (Habitat)/World Banksponsored Urban Management Programme. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed here are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the United Nations Development Programme, UNCHS, the World Bank, or any of their affiliated organizations. W. C. A. All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America First printing May 1994 Second printing February 1995 The Urban Management Programme (UMP) represents a major approach by the United Nations family of organizations, together with external support agencies (ESAS), to strengthen the contribution that cities and towns in developing countries make toward economic growth, social development, and the alleviation of poverty.
See National Environment Secretariat (Kenya), Egerton University, Clark University, and World Resources Institute, Participatory Rural Appraisal Handbook, Washington, DC: World Resources Institute, 1990. 9. An urban community-focused assessment methodology that is more faithful to the rural appraisal aproach can be found in Ian Blore, Guide to the Rapid Analysis of Development in CltiesRADIC (draft), Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1993. Page 10 UN Fund for Population Activities, Statistical Office, the Department of International Economic and Social Affairs, Environmental Programme, Development Programme, and Centre for Human Settlements; the World Health Organization; the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development; and the World Bank) and international institutes working in the field of urban environmental research and policy analysis (the International Center for Urban Studies, the International Institute for Environment and Development, the World Resources Institute, the Stockholm Environment Institute, and the Network for Urban Research in the European Community).
4. For example, studies have been done on the linkage between environment and health in particular cities. Some representative titles include: Radhika Ramasubban and Nigel Crook, "Mortality Toll of Cities: Emerging Patterns of Disease in Bombay," Economic and Political Weekly XX(23), 1985; C. Hertzman, "Poland: Health and Environment in the Context of Socioeconomic Decline," Health Policy Research Unit Report No. 90:2,, Vancouver: University of British Columbia, January 1990; Pedro Jacobi, "Habitat and Health in the Municipality of São Paulo," Environment and Urbanization 2(2), October 1990; Office of Housing and Urban Programs, Ranking Environmental Health Risks in Bangkok, Thailand, Washington, DC: USAID, December 1990.