By Electricity Training Association.; Institution of Electrical Engineers
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Additional resources for Power System Protection [Vol 2 - Systems and Methods]
Example text
2, Table 2). Further reduction in overall tripping time was obtained by using extremely inverse relays and higher primary settings (Table 4). An alternative technique consists of adding supplementary instantaneous overcurrent elements with high settings. 2 why instantaneous relays could not in themselves form a complete system of protection. Such relays can, however, be added to a normal graded system and set so as to operate with close up faults but to not operate with the maximum current which may flow to a fault at the remote end of the respective section as shown in Fig.
Excitation loss on the operation value o f earth-fault relay Overcurrent protection 37 missioning. f. If the setting is low, the setting multiple would then be very high and the relay would experience considerable heating. In this respect, a tap setting of 20% is not the same when obtained from the 10-40% range as when obtained from the 20-80% range. The former range corresponds to a winding having twice the number of turns of the latter and hence a smaller wire size. When the 20% tap is selected from the 10-40% range only half the coil turns are in use, and the coil resistance is greater than when the same setting is obtained from the 20-80% range, in which case the whole coil is used.
Full coil). 7- 2 for the highest tap setting, since as described above, the resistance of the winding is then a larger portion of the impedance. 3 Additional burden: A current transformer may be burdened by more than one device, and the sum of all such burdens must then be assessed. The transformer may also be ascribed both a 'measurement' and a 'protection' rating. For example, the same transformer may be rated 15VA Class 1-0 and 7-5VA/5P/10. This does not mean that an instrument burden of 15VA and a relay burden of 7-5VA may be applied simultaneously.