By S. Mohan Jain (ed.), S. K. Sopory (ed.), R. E. Veilleux (ed.)
Since the start of agricultural creation, there was a continuing attempt to develop extra and higher caliber nutrients to feed ever expanding popula tions. either greater cultural practices and better crop crops have alIowed us to divert extra human assets to non-agricultural actions whereas nonetheless expanding agricultural creation. Malthusian inhabitants predictions proceed to alarm agricultural researchers, in particular plant breeders, to hunt new applied sciences that might proceed to permit us to provide extra and higher foodstuff via fewer humans on much less land. either development of current cultivars and improvement of latest high-yielding cultivars are universal targets for breeders of alI plants. In vitro haploid creation is likely one of the new applied sciences that exhibit nice promise towards the target of accelerating crop yields through making comparable germplasm to be had for lots of vegetation that used to be used to enforce one of many maximum plant breeding luck tales of this century, i. e. , the improvement of hybrid maize via crosses of inbred traces. one of many major purposes of anther tradition has been to supply diploid homozygous natural strains in one iteration, therefore saving many generations of backcrossing to arrive homozygosity by way of conventional skill or in vegetation the place self-pollination isn't attainable. simply because doubled haploids are similar to inbred strains, their price has been liked via plant breeders for many years. the quest for ordinary haploids and techniques to urge them has been ongoing because the starting of the twentieth century.
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5% AC and optimizing BA concentration at 4 x 10- 6 M. Uhrig (1985) was able to obtain as many as 30 regenerated plants per cultured anther by selecting a highly responsive diploid done and using liquid shake culture. Powell and Uhrig (1987) compared the reaction of five genetically divergent clones on various media: liquid vs. solid, presence or absence of AC, and sucrose concentrations ranging from 3 to 15%. Three different pretreatments (6 cC for 2 days, 30 cC for 2 days, and direct culture) were also 1 Throughout this artic\e, the term monoploid, which is synonymous with monohaploid, will be used to describe plants with 12 chromosomes so as to avoid confusion with the 24-chromosome dihaploids of S.
Yiice (1973) found that seeds harvested on pollen sterile plants resulted in more than 10 times as many haploids than seeds harvested on pollen fertile plants. However, the number of haploids was extremely low. Since the most efficient selection has been done on male-sterile plants, self-pollination was impossible, thus requiring vegetative propagation in vitro of the matern al parents of haploids using this method. The selection of spontaneous haploids has been superseded by the new efficient in vitro haploidization techniques.
Dev. Biol. 28: 53-58. A. W. Bevan, 1987. GUS-fusions: Beta-glucuronidase as sensitive and versatile gene fusion marker in higher plants. EMBO J. 6: 3901-3907. , 1974. Chromosome doubling techniques in haploids. J. ), Haploids in Higher Plants: Advances and Potential, pp. 153-190. University of Guelph Press, Guelph. Keimer, B. and K. D'Halluin, 1985. ) by ovule culture: preliminary results. ): 145-146. Keimer, B. C. Pedersen, 1988. Induction of haploid sugar beet embryos from ovule culture. Effect of donor plant growth conditions.