By M. Lux
This publication includes the outline and overview of a profound housing process reform constituting a part of the transition from a centrally deliberate to a marketplace financial system within the Czech Republic. It addresses targets: to judge housing subsidies (reforms) via software of more desirable tools of welfare economics and, secondly, to checklist the most components explaining the actual results of chosen reforms. the writer utilized equipment of welfare economics for an assessment of housing subsidies in a scale designated in housing reports. The research of underlying elements influencing formation of housing reforms introduced new findings concerning the essence of transition in post-socialist countries.IOS Press is a global technological know-how, technical and scientific writer of top quality books for lecturers, scientists, and pros in all fields. the various parts we put up in: -Biomedicine -Oncology -Artificial intelligence -Databases and data structures -Maritime engineering -Nanotechnology -Geoengineering -All points of physics -E-governance -E-commerce -The wisdom financial system -Urban stories -Arms regulate -Understanding and responding to terrorism -Medical informatics -Computer Sciences
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Additional info for Housing Policy and Housing Finance in the Czech Republic during Transition: An Example of the Schism between the Still-Living Past and the Need of Reform - Volume 28 Sustainable Urban Areas
Example text
It is more difficult to distinguish between supply-side and demand-side subsidies in the segment of owner-occupied or cooperative housing, than it is in the rental housing segment. , the option to deduct the repayment of the principal or interest from the tax base or from the tax; exemption from the capital gains tax or exemptions/discounts from the tax on imputed rent). , they are only provided when the housing is new), in which case they should be regarded more as supply-side subsidies, even though the flat owner, flat user, and subsidy recipient are one and the same person, and that this form of subsidy also increases the income and the purchasing power of the recipient.
Even if re-orientation of housing policy may actually lead to lowering public housing expenditure, other, insofar neglected public expenditure may rise and compensate for part of the achieved public benefit. A comparison of demand and supply-side subsidies is not a simple equation with one optimal result and both types of subsidies may have relative advantages and disadvantages, mainly when taking into account the wider context in particular country. The fact is that in the period between the two United Nations Conferences on Human Settlements, HABITAT in 1976 and HABITAT II in 1996, in which policymakers from almost the entire world took part, there was a complete change in the understanding and perception of housing with respect to the responsibility of the government and the state.
2003; Housing Corporation, 1997, 2001). In Sweden the conservative government launched a tax reform in the 1990s related to a sharp cut in public subsidies on social housing (Turner, 1997) that forced public operators of social dwellings (municipalities) to transfer the burden to the tenants, thus making housing less affordable (housing expenditures to income ratio in Sweden is the highest among EU countries and grew the fastest in the 1990s). Social housing reform in France led to an expansion of the semi-public/semi-private legal form of housing associations called OPAC (to the detriment of the completely public form), that have on the one hand obtained greater power because of their position as a private company but, on the other hand, now receive less public funding (Edou, 1998).