By Mary Ann Curran
This publication describes the significance of the target and scope section for the total LCA examine. during this first part of the LCA framework (ISO standardized), the aim of the overview is outlined and judgements are made in regards to the info of the economic method being studied and the way the examine should be carried out. making a choice on impression different types, type signs, characterization types, and peer overview is set in the course of objective and scope definition. The e-book presents useful assistance and an outline of LCIA equipment to be had in LCA software program. even if now not laid out in the ISO criteria, Attributional LCA and Consequential LCA are awarded that allows you to correctly be certain the target and scope of an evaluation. The booklet closes with the interconnection among target and scope definition and the translation section. instance target and scope records for attributional and consequential LCAs are supplied within the annexes.
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Extra info for Goal and Scope Definition in Life Cycle Assessment
Example text
Similarly, the material disposal burdens allocated to the recycled content bottle are (r/2)*D + (1−r)*D, or (1−r/2)*D. The collection and reprocessing burdens for the recycled content allocated to the bottle are r/2*PC. A similar allocation approach is used for virgin bottles that are recycled after use. If ‘R’ percent of virgin bottles are recycled at end of life, with half the virgin burdens for the bottle material going to a subsequent use outside the boundaries of the 1 Overview of Goal and Scope Definition in Life Cycle Assessment - Annex A 27 bottle system, then the virgin burdens allocated to the bottle system for the recycled bottles are R/2*(V+ PC + D) for the bottles that are recycled + (1–R)*(V + D) for the material in the bottles that are not recycled.
Examples of industrial process wastes are residuals from chemical processes and manufacturing scrap that is not recycled or sold. Examples of fuel-related solid wastes are ash generated by burning coal to produce electricity, or particulates from fuel combustion that are collected in air pollution control devices. 13 However, for some specific aspects of life cycle inventory, there can be variations in the methodology used by experienced practitioners. These areas include the method used to allocate energy requirements and environmental releases among more than one useful product produced by a process, the method used to account for the energy contained in material feedstocks, and the methodology used to allocate environmental burdens for postconsumer recycled content and end-of-life recovery of materials for recycling.
1B Process flow for artificial tree (left) and natural tree (right) most common artificial tree, which represents approximately 20 % of the US artificial tree market. Similar models to this artificial tree are sold at other major big box retailers making this artificial tree extremely representative. 2 Natural Tree The most commonly purchased natural tree is a Fraser fir. 5 ft Christmas tree cultivated on wholesale natural tree farms, and distributed to the consumer through large retailers. The natural tree has a dry mass of 6 kg, and a total mass of 15 kg with a water content of 60 %.