By Kullervo Kuusela
This quantity presents a close account of the rise in wooded area assets in Europe over the last 40 years. the writer discusses the results of this enlargement for the long run healthiness and energy of the forests and for the commercial viability and environmental sustainability of the source. He advocates a rise in thinnings and regeneration cuttings, changing at the moment risky tree species with real climatic climax species, and shortening rotation a long time. the writer concludes that retaining the sustainability and biodiversity of Europe's wooded area ecosystems will be completed via retaining the genetic range, density, age and well-being balance of forests, maintaining biotopes of endangered species, and developing cultural biotopes and strictly secure ordinary reserves.
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Extra info for Forest Resources in Europe 1950–1990
Sample text
For example, some countries have reported the same value for removals over and under bark. In some cases logging residues are missing. Consequently, fellings and drain are too small in relation to the removals under bark. Europe's recorded annual drain from forest lands in 1990,472 million m3, is 175 million m3 smaller than the recorded gross annual increment. In spite of the inaccuracies of both of these values, the difference indicates the annual accumulation of growing stock and the potential to increase the production of wood on a sustainable basis.
Increment is the value recorded at the end of each period. Fellings are means of the fellings at the beginning and end of each period. The consistency of balances was apparently satisfactory in the 1950s. Only in Atlantic Europe was increment clearly under-estimated. Since 1950, consistency has decreased. This has been caused by the relatively large changes of individual balance values in sequential recordings. 13 Development of approximate period balance of exploitable forest in 1950-1990 by country groups.
Many tree species, including conifers, have been planted. Most of the stands have grown relatively well so far, but it is not yet sure that all stands will reach the closed forest stage. The forest area in 1980 was 5000 ha, but it has grown to 11 000 ha in the 1990 Assessment. The current estimate of other wooded land is 123 000 ha. In the programme made in the 1970s, the afforestation target for the year 2000 was 100 000 ha. The principal function of forests is protective and environmental, although wood is used for fuel, fencing stakes, etc.