By Todd Sandler
This publication provides an outline and overview of the conceptual advances in economics over the last century. The ebook is predicated seriously on enticing examples, meant to attract within the reader and to illustrate the far-reaching software of monetary reasoning to social phenomena. The publication is geared toward a huge viewers together with people with very little formal education in economics. Readers will come to understand the unconventional insights and strategies built via economists in fresh many years.
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Extra info for Economic Concepts for the Social Sciences
Sample text
In the twentieth century, social security became an important intergenerational policy issue, addressing the question of how to link generations so as to support the elderly generation during its retirement 20 On ozone diplomacy and the ozone hole, see Benedick (1991), Barrett (1998, 1999), de Gruijl (1995), Murdoch and Sandler (1997), and Toon and Turco (1991). 21 Schemes were devised whereby the younger generation supported the older generation through forced contributions to a fund in return for the promise that it will be supported during its own retirement.
For instance, weapon producers that profit from defense contracts may lobby for large production runs, which may not be in the nation’s interest. In other instances, public goods, whose benefits are partially rival and excludable at a reasonable cost, may be provided by marketlike club arrangements, as discussed in Chapter 4. Thus, a telephone network, whose benefits are excludable to nonsubscribers and whose access can be monitored, can have its use sold like a commodity in a market. Our monthly phone bill illustrates this.
Such difference can be expected to be larger the farther the town’s center is from the interstate. When we turn to government as a savior from a market failure, we must remember that governments may fail for precisely the same reasons that markets fail. For example, governments may have no means for truly ascertaining the demand of the constituency for a pure public good. Without knowing the demand, the government cannot be expected to supply the appropriate level of the public good, since it can only guess at what people really want.