By Thomas J. Hummel, Steven S. Zumdahl
This booklet is a ideas consultant to Chemical ideas. options to all the end-of-chapter workouts are integrated, however the booklet is just important if used effectively. the purpose is for the scholar to enhance challenge fixing abilities, to not search for person solutions. try and remedy the matter by yourself. If caught, lookup their related challenge and notice the right way to clear up it. test back. The final lodge is to appear up the reply to the unique challenge. additionally, the extra difficulties you could determine by yourself, the better checks may be whilst difficulties of every of kind arise.
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Example text
The fluid velocity is in the range 2–15 m sÀ1 and the dry air temperature is accurate to one or two degrees Celsius in the range 40–200 8C. An external boiler generating low-pressure steam allows regulation of the wet-bulb Fig. 8 Scheme of the wind-tunnel drier [adapted from ´ and Martin, 1994]. Perre 19 20 1 Comprehensive Drying Models based on Volume Averaging temperature. , preparation of the sample. 1 Test 1: Superheated Steam By comparison with Test 2 (Fig. 11), it can be seen that the main effect of hightemperature convective drying is a significant reduction in the drying time (Figs.
17. The main advantage of high-temperature convective drying is an acceleration of internal moisture transfer due to the development of an overpressure in the gaseous phase inside the board. After the initial transient period, the constant drying-rate period takes place for a sapwood board. During this period, which lasts for several hours, all temperatures equilibrate at the wet-bulb temperature and the overpressure remains very small. At the beginning of the second drying period (after around 350 min), an important overpressure develops due to the temperature increase, which disappears only once the entire board enters the hygroscopic range.
The challenge, however, is to overcome the problems associated with structural dependencies and the complex geometries evident in the internal pore network within the medium. Typically, transport phenomena are represented according to macroscopic equations valid at the relevant level of description. Selecting a representative elementary volume, or averaging volume, containing many pores and assuming that the porous material can be represented as a fictitious continuum (Bear and Corapcioglu, 1987) is certainly one way to achieve this description.