By National Research Council, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Ocean Studies Board, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, Committee on Atlantic Salmon in Maine
End result of the pervasive and tremendous decline of Atlantic salmon populations in Maine over the last one hundred fifty years, and since they're as regards to extinction, a complete statewide motion can be taken now to make sure their survival. The populations of Atlantic salmon have declined enormously, from an anticipated part million grownup salmon returning to U.S. rivers every year within the early 1800s to might be as few as 1,000 in 2001. The record recommends imposing a formalized decision-making method of determine priorities, review thoughts and coordinate plans for protecting and restoring the salmon.
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Extra resources for Atlantic Salmon in Maine
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Allendorf and Ryman 1987, Gharrett and Smoker 1993, Heggberget et al. 1986, Hutchings and Jones 1998, Kendall 1935, Kincaid et al. 1994, Nielsen 1998, for Atlantic salmon; NRC 1996a, Saunders 1981, Smoker et al. 1998 for Pacific salmon species; Taylor 1991 both Atlantic and Pacific salmon; Verspoor et al. 1991, Webb and McLay 1996). Straying to another stream occurs at low frequency. For example, Penobscot River salmon show over 98% fidelity to the home stream (Baum 1997). The low frequency with which salmon stray to neighboring streams results in the development of a metapopulation structure—a set of local breeding populations connected by exchange of some individuals.
Aquaculture Salmon farms rear salmon from eggs in hatcheries and then grow them to market size in net-pens near the coast. The salmon farms were established in Maine in the 1980s. Risks to wild populations from salmon 9 SUMMARY farms include the transmission of disease, the concentration of parasites (sea lice) and predators around the net-pens to the detriment of wild salmon migrating nearby, and the escape of fish that can migrate up rivers and compete for space and mates with wild salmon. Disease has caused net-pens in Cobscook Bay to be dismantled and sterilized.
2002. Reprinted with permission of the author. S. Atlantic Salmon No. River States 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Aroostook Prestile Stream Meduxnekeag Saint Croix Dennysd East Machiasd Machias d Pleasantd Narraguagusd Tunk Stream Union Penobscote Ducktrapd Sheepscotd Kennebec Androscoggin Saco 18 19 20 Cocheco Lamprey Merrimack 21 22 Pawcatuck Connecticut ME ME ME ME ME ME ME ME ME ME ME ME ME ME ME ME ME and NH NH NH MA and NH RI CT, MA, VT and NH TOTAL Length (km) Drainage Area (sq ha) 115 39 65 50 32 59 98 45 78 27 100 267 17 55 242 207 201 5,931 562 1,287 6,475 342 650 1,191 220 601 104 1,295 22,196 93 591 15,540 6,475 4,395 70 100 302 479 500 12,976 667 29,138 2,836 111,041 aAtlantic salmon habitat is defined as riffles and runs.