By Alan A. Aja
Alan A. Aja argues that post-1958 Afro-Cuban reception and model stories have been drastically diversified than their predominantly "white" co-ethnics in South Florida, a lot because of approaches of race-based social distancing working in the Cuban-American community.
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Additional info for Miami’s Forgotten Cubans: Race, Racialization, and the Miami Afro-Cuban Experience
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Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. Sokol, Brett. 2007. 3:10 to Yuma in Cuba: How a Western Changed the Way Cubans Speak. Slate Magazine. October 8th. Steinberg, Stephen. 1981/1989. The Ethnic Myth: Race, Ethnicity and Class in America. Boston, MA: Beacon Press. Wade, Peter. 1997. Race and Ethnicity in Latin America. London: Pluto Press. Waters, Mary C. 1994. Ethnic and Racial Identities of Second-Generation Black Immigrants in New York City. International Migration Review, 28~4: 795–820.
1995. Our Rightful Share, The Afro-Cuban Struggle for Equality, 1886–1912. Chapel Hill, NC: UNC Press. Hubbard, Edward Akintola. 2011. Creolization and Contemporary Pop Iconicity in Cape Verde. D. , Harvard University. Logan, John R. 2003. How Race Counts for Hispanic Americans. Lewis Mumford Center, University at Albany. López, Nancy. 2014. “What’s Your “Street Race-Gender”? Why We Need Separate Questions on Hispanic Origin and Race for the 2020 Census. RWJF Human Capital Blog. html López, Nancy.
Instead of a romanticized, idyllic, pre-Castro Cuba so perceived, today a more homogenous, patriarchal, and politically monolithic “ethnic enclave” is remembered and exalted, with collective purpose to sweep under the rug of empirical denial the very intersections of race, gender, class, and political conflict that occurred on inter- and intra-group levels as Miami developed into an important economic center. It is within this framework that the invisibility of local Afro-Cubans and other Afro-Latinxs was rendered not by accident, but by design, rooted in a “color-blind” nationalist identity, or Cubanidad, that like in Cuba sought to “deracialize” Afro-Cubans so as to suppress the racist treatment they encountered.