By Robin Hambleton;Jill Gross
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Extra info for Governing Cities in a Global Era: Urban Innovation, Competition, and Democratic Reform
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Many link the drive toward decentralization in large measure to globalization Rethinking Globalization 17 (see Jun and Wright 1996). Garrett and Rodden (2001) say that “the decentralization of authority to state and local governments and the international integration of markets are widely perceived as two defining trends of the contemporary era” (p. 1). Fosler (1996), president of the National Academy of Public Administration, writes, “Decentralization has become a watchword, if not the touchstone, from which new forms of governance are proposed, pursued, and assessed” (p.
However, do the world cities compete and win against other cities or nation-states in the global economy? Are the world cities and nation-states in a zero-sum power relationship? If not, what kind of interrelations do these two potentially conflicting scales maintain between them? These points are underdeveloped in the literature on globalization and cities. One of the corollaries of these disagreements and questions surrounding the global city and world city theses are the need for greater synthesis of existing empirical research.
How are these forces influencing approaches to urban governance in different settings? Are cities diverging or converging in the way they are responding to these global trends? It can be claimed that comparisons between cities operating within highly developed, developing, and underdeveloped regions of the world are unlikely to be fruitful. The local or regional differences, so the argument goes, are simply too great to allow for meaningful lesson drawing. We take the view that careful comparison of cities in different continents is actually worthwhile.